红莲型细胞质雄性不育的发现利用研究及展望  

Discovery, utilization and perspective of Honglian cytoplasmic male sterile rice

作　　者：胡骏[1] 朱仁山[1] 李绍清[1] 李阳生[1] 余金洪[1] 黄文超[1] 朱英国[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学生命科学学院杂交水稻国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第35期3813-3821,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31371698;31670310);湖北省农业厅项目(2015BBA149)资助

摘　　要：自杂交水稻研究50年来,红莲型杂交水稻采取基础研究、应用研究、产业化相结合的模式为杂交水稻事业的发展做出重要贡献.红莲型细胞质雄性不育基因orf H79位于线粒体基因atp6下游,编码79个氨基酸,具细胞毒性,与电子传递链复合体Ⅲ的蛋白亚基互作,机理研究结果表明这种互作可能引起ROS的上升而导致花粉败育.对两个育性恢复基因Rf5,Rf6的研究结果表明,这两个PPR基因均不能与不育基因转录本直接互作,其中RF5与GRP162及RFC3等蛋白互作,以蛋白复合体的形式加工不育基因转录本,而RF6与HXK6互作,形成新的蛋白复合体,二者育性恢复通路各自独立.以不育基因orf H79为分子标记,创制出一批新的红莲型细胞质不育系;以恢复基因Rf5,Rf6为分子标记,筛选出一批双恢复基因强恢复系,选育出高产优质多抗广适红莲型杂交水稻新组合红莲优6,粤优938和珞优8号等.红莲型杂交稻在中国长江流域、华南稻区大面积推广种植,同时在越南、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、孟加拉和菲律宾等东南亚国家引种推广并表现优异,展现出广阔的应用前景.Hybrid rice has been researched and utilized in China for 50 years. Three mainly cytoplasmic male sterile rice are wild abortive（WA）, boro-II（BT）, and Honglian（HL）. Honglian（HL） type hybrid rice has made important contributions to the development of hybrid rice by combining scientific research, application research and industrial utilization. We identified Honglian cytoplasmic male sterile（HL-CMS） gene, orf H79, which located downstream of atp6 in mitochondrial genome. CMS RNA, atp6-orf H79, were translated into a cytotoxic protein, ORFH79. Data showed ORFH79 interacts with P61, which is a subunit of complex III of mitochondrial electron transfer chain. This interaction may impair energy production and leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species（ROS） in mitochondria, consequently resulting in abnormal pollen development. Furthermore, we cloned two restorer of fertility（Rf） genes, Rf5 and Rf6, both of which are PPR genes. Neither RF5 nor RF6 binds to CMS RNA, atp6-orf H79, directly. RF5 interacts with glycine rich protein 162（GRP162） and RFC3（restoration of fertility complex subunit 3） thus forming a restoration of fertility complex（RFC） to process CMS RNA. GRP162 can form homodimer and bind to CMS RNA with two binding sites directly. RCF3 is transported into the mitochondria as a membrane protein and functions as a scaffold protein for the assembly of the RFC complex. The RFC complex was detected with a size ranging from 400 to 500 k D. Moreover, Rf6 encodes a novel pentatricopeptide repeat（PPR） family protein with a characteristic duplication of PPR motifs 3 to 5. Results show RF6 is also targeted to mitochondria, where it physically associates with hexokinase 6（Os HXK6） and promotes the processing of the aberrant CMS RNA, atp6-orf H79, to restore the fertility of CMS line. To create more available germplasm in hybrid rice, we developed a molecular marker of orf H79 to screen wild rice and bred some novel CMS lines. We also developed molecular markers of R

关 键 词：杂交水稻 红莲型 细胞质雄性不育 育性恢复 种质创新 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]