光温敏雄性不育水稻的研究进展  

Progress on photoperiod thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice

作　　者：范优荣[1] 曹晓风[2] 张启发[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室国家植物基因研究中心(武汉),武汉430070 [2]植物基因组学国家重点实验室,国家植物基因研究中心(北京),中国科学院分子植物卓越中心,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第35期3822-3832,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：50年前,袁隆平提出杂交水稻生产的设想,在中国科学家的努力下得以实现并应用.半个世纪以来,杂交水稻在中国和多个国家得到了广泛的种植,为粮食安全提供了有力的保障.近20年来,以光温敏两用雄性核不育系为基础的两系杂交稻在水稻生产中占据越来越重要的地位.中国科学家发现了多个具有实用价值的光温敏雄性不育系,并开展了系统研究,对两系法杂交稻的广泛推广发挥了关键作用.近年来,几个重要的光温敏雄性不育基因被成功克隆,并初步阐明了其作用的分子机理,对于培育新型优良的不育系具有重要意义.本文将介绍杂交水稻在中国的发现和研究现状,以庆祝50年前袁隆平先生提出杂交水稻生产的设想.Hybrid rice has been cultivated worldwide since Yuan Long Ping initially proposed the idea of developing and applying hybrid rice in rice production 50 years ago. Hybrid rice has provided a strong guarantee for the food security in China. The application of hybrid rice was firstly based on cytoplasmic male sterility using a 3-line system, including the sterile line, the maintainer line, and the restorer line. Later, the discovery of some environment-sensitive genic male sterile lines whose fertility changed in different environments, indicated their strong application potential in hybrid rice production. Shi Ming Song accidentally found a natural male sterile mutant Nongken 58 S in the field when planting normal japonica variety Nongken 58. The pollen of Nongken 58 S was sterile under long-day conditions, while was fertile under short-day conditions. Based on this special property, Nongken 58 S could be developed as a photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line for hybrid rice： it would be a sterile line at longdays, meanwhile served as a maintainer line at shortdays. Since then, the theory of 2-line system has been improving. Furthermore, the discovery of some other thermosensitive genic male sterile lines such as 5460 S, Annong S-1 and Hengnong S-1 enriched this system. They were sterile under high temperatures, but converted to fertility under low temperatures. The 2-line hybrid rice based on the photoperiod thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines has played important roles in the hybrid rice production. From 1996 to 2013, the proportion of 2-line hybrid rice increased from 0.92% to 33.59%. Some early genetic analysis indicated that the fertility of most photoperiod thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines was controlled by a recessive allele. And the genetic linkage map of these loci has been established. But only until recent years, with the completion of rice genome and the development of new sequencing technologies and rice transgenic techniques, several genes controlling photoperiodsensitive genic

关 键 词：杂交稻 两系不育系 光敏雄性不育 温敏雄性不育 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]