2011-2015年广州市越秀区水痘流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis on varicella in Yuexiu district of Guangzhou city during 2011-2015

作　　者：刘淑勤[1] 湛柳华[1] 周德谦[1] 赖倩盈 LIU Shu-qin ZHAN Liu-hua ZHOU De-qian LAI Qian-ying(Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China)

机构地区：[1]广州市越秀区疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510055

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2016年第11期1462-1464,1482,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的：分析越秀区水痘监测病例及聚集性疫情的流行病学特征，为今后开展水痘防控提供科学依据。方法对传染病监测系统报告的病例及学校缺勤报告系统上报的聚集疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2011－2015年越秀区共报告监测病例6758例，报告年均发病率为115．05／10万，15岁以下儿童报告病例数为4011例，占总病例数的59．35％，年均发病率为618．51／10万，3～6岁组发病率最高（χ^2＝3276．8，P＜0．001）。发病高峰为4－5月和11月至次年1月。共报告聚集疫情106起，病例数623例，总罹患率0．51％，幼儿园罹患率最高（χ^2＝373．215， P＜0．001）。首发病例发生与报告处理时间间隔中位数为5 d，该指标与病例数、疫情持续时间呈正相关（r＝0．387，P＜0．001；r＝0．632，P＜0．001）。结论15岁以下儿童是水痘疫情防控的重点人群，学校聚集性疫情要做到早发现、早报告、早处理，并通过广泛的宣传教育提高水痘疫苗接种率来提升人群免疫水平。Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of sporadic and cluster varicella cases in Yuexiu district and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of varicella. Methods Adescriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on reported varicella cases from communicable disease surveillance system and school absenteeism report system. Results A total of 6 758 varicella cases were reported in Yuexiu district during 2011 to 2015 , with an average incidence of 115.05 per 100 000 population;the incidence of 3～6 years old group was the highest （χ^2=3 276.8,P〈0.001）. The average incidence of children under 15 years old was 618.51 per 100 000 , accounting for 59.35% of total incidence. There were statistically significant differences between different age groups. Meanwhile , 106 clustered outbreaks and 623 cases were reported, with a average incidence of 0.51%; nurseries had the highest incidence （χ^2=373.215,P〈0.001）.The median interval from first case to investigation of the report was 5 days , which was positively associated with the number of cases and the lasting period of the outbreak （r=0.387, P〈0.001; r=0.632, 妆〈0.001）. Conclusions Children under 15 years old wasthe focus group for varicella prevention and control. We should respond to school outbreaks through early detection, early reporting and early treatment. We also need to enhance health education to improve the vaccination rate and immune protection of the population.

关 键 词：水痘 监测病例 聚集性疫情 流行特征 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]