不同管理措施下高寒退化草地恢复效果评估  

Evaluation of restoration effect in degraded alpine meadow under different regulation measures

作　　者：刘延斌[1] 张典业 张永超[1] 石明明[1] 尚振艳[1] 贺磊[1] 宗文杰 傅华[1] 牛得草[1] Liu Yanbin Zhang Dianye Zhang Yongchao Shi Mingming Shang Zhenyan He Lei Zong Wenjie Fu Hua Niu Decao(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-eeosystem, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China Maqu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Maqu 747300, China)

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省玛曲县畜牧兽医局,玛曲747300

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第24期268-275,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203041);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2014CB138703);"长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13019)";国家自然科学基金(31572458;41671106)资助

摘　　要：为了科学评估不同管理措施下退化高寒草地生态治理的综合成效,该研究采用VOR及CVOR生态系统健康评价模型,对甘肃省玛曲退化高寒草甸实施2a的围封、划破、施肥、补播和综合措施等五种不同生态恢复措施,以及自由放牧下的草地生态系统健康状况进行了评估。根据两种模型测算结果,用VOR指数评价综合生态恢复措施的效果大致为:综合措施、施肥>划破、补播、围封>放牧,用CVOR指数评价综合生态恢复措施的效果:综合措施>划破>施肥、补播、围封>放牧。综合措施在2种评价体系下均显著优于各单一处理措施,实施2a后其CVOR数值处于健康范围,高达0.917,且放牧导致高寒草甸生态系统健康趋于警戒水平,健康指数值为0.572。结果表明,VOR及CVOR指数模型应用于生态恢复管理措施的效果评价,可反映出不同措施实施后的具体量化效果,可进行更广泛适用。在退化严重亟需生态恢复的草地,可通过综合生态恢复措施的实施,以达到全面迅速恢复草地生态系统健康的目的。此外,需具体考量每种措施的经济学和生态学双重效益,利用更全面的CVOR指数模型评价草地健康状况,因地制宜地制定和实施管理措施。Alpine meadow mainly locates in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and other high altitude areas,and plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of the global ecosystem.Recently,the extensive degradation of alpine meadow has been caused by the global climate change and the interference of human activities,which has made these areas extremely important for further study.People have applied a few measures to restore the degraded grassland,however there was no quantitative mean that could evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restoration measures synthetically.For the scientific assessment of the effects of different ecological regulation measures on the degraded alpine meadow ecosystems,this research was conducted in Maqu alpine meadow in Gansu Province,northwestern China from May 2010 to December 2012.The VOR（vigor,organization,resilience） and CVOR（condition,vigor,organization,resilience） ecosystem health evaluation models were utilized to evaluate the health condition of the degraded grassland ecosystem after restoration,and the restoration measures included enclosure,ripping,organic material addition,reseeding and comprehensive measure,and the grazing was taken as the control.We implemented enclosure and slicing of the pasture vertically and horizontally with the plough as ripping,implemented enclosure,scarifying and fertilization in the pasture with sheep manure of 22.5 t/hm2 as organic material addition,and implemented enclosure and reseeding with Elymus nutans of 15 kg/hm2 as reseeding.And for grazing treatment we used the grazing pressure of about 2-2.5 yak/hm2.As for comprehensive measure,we combined the treatment of enclosure with the treatments of ripping,organic material addition and reseeding.For the calculation of evaluation model,we determined soil organic carbon content and gauged above-ground biomass,Shannon-Wiener species diversity index,biomass of functional groups and economic groups of all the grass under different regulation measures to further compute condition index（C）,vigor index�

关 键 词：生态 模型 土地利用 健康评价 VOR综合指数 CVOR综合指数 高寒草甸 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]