冬夏兼用型日光温室内热湿性能分析与应用效果  

Temperature humidity performance and application of solar greenhouse suiting for winter and summer

作　　者：王军伟[1,2,3] 洪忠举 郭世荣[1,2] 李树海[1,2] 孙锦[1,2] 王健[1,2] 魏斌[1,2] Wang Junwei Hong Zhongju Guo Shirong Li Shuhai Sun Jin Wang Jian Wei Bin(College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province Engineerning Lab for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology ＆ Equipment, Nanjing 210095, China Nanjing Agricultural University （Suqian） Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian 223800, China 2. College ＆ Landscape of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Chin)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院/江苏省现代设施农业技术与装备工程实验室,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学(宿迁)设施园艺研究院,宿迁223800 [3]湖南农业大学园艺园林学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第23期190-198,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-25-C-03);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]321)和(SXGC[2016]177)

摘　　要：日光温室是中国北方地区重要的农业设施类型,可进行春提早、秋延后与越冬栽培,但在夏季高温季节使用困难。为了提高苏北地区日光温室的利用效率,该文设计了一种后墙部分可拆装的冬夏兼用型日光温室,该日光温室的后墙包括上下两部分,上部分为镀锌钢架和秸秆块组成的拆装墙体,下部分为空心砌块砌筑的固定墙体。该文以当地传统空心砌块后墙日光温室为对照,首先监测两种日光温室最热月和最冷月的室内外温湿度变化;其次,比较分析了两种日光温室后墙材料热工性能、冬季后墙温度波动和热流密度的差异以及夏季室内空气流动速率的差异;最后,分析比较了两栋日光温室冬夏季室内作物生长状况、产量以及投入产出比。结果显示,冬夏兼用型日光温室固定墙体的热稳定性能和隔热性能分别高于传统空心砌块墙体10.8倍和18.3倍,昼平均热流密度高约19.0%,蓄热时间长约1.0 h,夜间平均热流密度高约18.3%,放热时间长约2.1 h。夏季拆除秸秆块后,冬夏兼用型日光温室内空气流速明显高于对照温室。田间监测发现,与对照温室相比,冬夏兼用型日光温室冬季白天室内平均气温高1.1℃,室内平均湿度低9.1%;夜间室内平均气温高1.0℃,室内平均湿度低6.8%,番茄单株产量显著提高16.7%;夏季通风口面积大,室内空气流速大,通过自然通风排除的热量多,白天室内平均气温低4.0℃,夜晚室内平均气温低3.1℃,日最高气温低1.4-8.1℃,不结球白菜单株鲜质量显著提高38.5%。统计结果显示,与对照温室相比,冬夏兼用型日光温室投入产出比高8.05%。综上,与当地传统空心砌块后墙日光温室相比,冬夏兼用型日光温室冬季保温性能和控湿性能好,夏季通风降温性能优良,能够实现作物的周年生产,在苏北地区具有一定的实用价值。Solar greenhouse is an important agricultural facility in northern China. It is suitable for production in early spring, late autumn and winter cultivation, but difficult in summer. For northern Jiangsu Province, the air temperature is higher in winter and the high-temperature period is longer than North China, Northeast China and Northwest China. To improve usage efficiency of solar greenhouses in northern Jiangsu Province, the structure of solar greenhouses needs to be modified to improve the insulation in winter and ventilation cooling performance in summer. To achieve this purpose, a novel solar greenhouse with removable north wall（experiment greenhouse） was designed in this study, in which part of the north wall can be dismantabled when necessary while the rest of the wall is fixed. The performance of an experiment greenhouse was compared with a traditional solar greenhouse with north wall of hollow blocks（control greenhouse）. Air temperature and relative humidity in the 2 greenhouses were firstly mearsured from July 15 to August 14, 2014 and from December 11, 2014 to January 10, 2015. Secondly, wall thermal parameters（thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, heat storage coefficient, thermal inertia index, attenuation coefficient）, wall temperature and heat flow density of the 2 solar greenhouses were compared to reveal the insulation performance differences between them. The ventilation cooling performance of 2 greenhouses was compared in term of indoor air flow. Thirdly, indoor crop growth, yield per plant and input-output ratio of 2 solar greenhouses were compared. The calculation showed that the heat storage coefficient, thermal inertia index and attenuation coefficient toward the outside temperature fluctuation of the fixed wall of the experiment greenhouse were 3.9, 10.8 and 18.3 times that of the control greenhouse respectively. The heat storage coefficient of the straw wall of the experiment greenhouse was lower than the traditional hollow block wall, but the thermal inertia index

关 键 词：温室 温度 蓄热 后墙 自然通风 应用效果 

分 类 号：S625.1[农业科学—园艺学]