长江口及上海港附近海域船舶溢油事故发生特征及启示  

Characteristics and Implications of Ship Oil-Spill Accidents in Changjiang Estuary and Coastal Areas of Shanghai Port

作　　者：潘灵芝[1] 林祥彬 常俊芳[1] 郑晓琴[1] 吕忻[1] 王星星[2] 李曰嵩[3] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海预报中心,上海200081 [2]上海海事局,上海200081 [3]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2016年第5期37-43,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：上海市科委资助项目(13dz1204000);上海市海洋局科技专项(沪海科2013-02);国家海洋局东海分局青年基金(201201)资助

摘　　要：基于长江口及上海港附近海域1984年—2013年间船舶溢油事故资料,开展事故事故高发区统计、主因分析及事故分布及年际变化特征研究。结果表明:过去30年间,长江口及上海港附近海域船舶溢油事故频次呈逐年下降趋势;年溢油量、单次平均溢油量、年单次最大溢油量均逐年上升;事故分布相对集中,吴淞口附近是典型的事故高发区,金山石化码头与长江口锚地附近次之;大/中型事故所占比重逐年增大,大型事故仅在吴淞口附近、南槽附近水域发生过,中型事故多集中在吴淞口附近;大型事故原因唯一,是碰撞,中型事故主因是碰撞,次因为恶劣天气,小型事故主因是操作不当。Based on the records of ship oil-spill accidents from 1984 to 2013happened in Changjiang Estuary and coastal areas of Shanghai Port,this paper conducted a series of analysis in terms of the high incidence areas,the primary reason and their locations and inter-annual changes.The results showed that the frequency of ship oil-spill accident declined gradually during the study period.However,the total annual oil-spill amount,the average oil-spill amount per incident and maximum oil-spill amount during 1year increased.Besides,the locations of ship oil-spill accidents were relatively concentrated and the highest frequency region was near Wusong,which was merely higher than the Jin-San PetroChamical Dock and the anchorage of Changjiang Estuary.The proportions of medium-scale and largescale oil-spill accidents increased year by year.Large-scale incidents only occurred near Wusong and South Passage,while most of medium-scale incidents occurred near Wusong.Small-scale oil-spill accidents was primarily due to improper operation,whereas the primary and secondary reason of mediumscale oil-spill accidents were ship collision and bad weather,respectively.All the large-scale incidents were caused by ship collisions.Analyzing historical ship oil-spill accidents,it is suggested that bad weather conditions,such as typhoon and cold wave,played an important role in oil-spill accidents.

关 键 词：长江口 上海港附近海域 船舶溢油事故 历史数据分析 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]