基于CYB5A基因的广东小耳花猪群体遗传背景检测  

Detection of genetic background of Guangdong Small-ear Spotted pig population by CYB5A gene

作　　者：王晨[1] 曾检华 秦珂[1] 何祖勇[1] 陈瑶生[1] 刘小红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院/有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510006 [2]广东壹号食品股份有限公司,广东广州510620

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2016年第11期122-126,F0003,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2014FY120800);广东省科技计划项目(2014B020202001);广东省扬帆计划(2014YT02H042)

摘　　要：广东小耳花猪是广东省饲养量最大的地方猪品种,农户自繁自养过程中可能混入外来猪种血缘,实际生产中主要通过表型进行评估和选育。CYB5A基因启动子中的突变位点可以鉴定中外猪种遗传背景,因此可通过分子方法检测广东小耳花猪群体中是否混有外来猪种血缘。采用PCR扩增CYB5A基因启动子并进行单向直接测序,将得到的基因序列进行对比以鉴定变异位点。结果显示,32头种猪和36头后备母猪中均有1头为杂合子AB型,A等位基因频率分别为0.0152和0.0139,其余种猪和后备母猪均为中国猪种纯合子BB型。经卡方检验,种猪和后备母猪群体在检测位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),表明外来猪种该位点在广东小耳花猪群体内没有受到人工选择。该AB型种母猪毛色表型正常,与纯种广东小耳花猪BB型公猪配种生出6头毛色异常仔猪,其中2头为杂合子AB型。该种母猪与杜洛克公猪配种后生出红毛仔猪,该杂交后代的表型也验证其混有外来猪血缘,表明分子鉴定的准确性。研究结果表明,广东小耳花猪群体的血统基本纯正,只有极少数个体混有外来猪种血缘,通过表型选择与分子辅助育种相结合的方法可以准确、快速地提纯该地方品种。Guangdong Small-ear Spotted pig is the largest local pig breed raised in Guangdong province. This pig breed can be mixed with genes from exotic pigs during the rearing process by famers, and it is usually evaluated and bred through phenotype in actual production. Mutations in CYBSA gene promoter region could be applied in identifing different genetic backgrounds of Chinese and exotic pig breeds, so we detected Guangdong Small-ear Spotted pig population by molecular method to identify whether this breed was mixed with exotic pig breeds. CYBSA gene was amplified by PCR method and sequenced only by one direction, then the DNA sequences were analyzed to identify the mutations. The results showed that both 32 breeding pigs and 36 gilts had one heterozygotes of AB genotype respectively and A allele frequency was 0.0152 and 0.0139, the remaining pigs were Chinese pig breed type of BB genotype. The 32 breeding pigs and 36 gilts were under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （ P〉0.05 ） by Chi-Square tests, it indicated that the mutations from exotic pig breeds were not under human selection in Guangdong Small-ear Spotted pig population. The heterozygous sow had normal phenotype, it was mated with a pure Guangdong Small-ear Spotted boar and produced six abnormal colour pattern piglets, and two of them were heterozygotes of AB genotype by the detection. The heterozygous sows were also mated with a pure duroc boar and produced red coat piglets, which also validated that the sow was heterozygous and the molecular method was accurate. The results demonstrated that most of the Guangdong Small-ear Spotted pigs were purebreed, only a few individuals had been introgressed from exotic pig breeds. Combined phenotype selection with molecular-assisted selection methods, the local pig breed could be purified quickly and accurately.

关 键 词：广东小耳花猪 CYB5A基因 外来猪种 检测 

分 类 号：S813[农业科学—畜牧学] Q346.5[农业科学—畜牧兽医]