石棉矿职工粉尘暴露与慢性病患病的关系  

Relationship between chronic diseases and asbestos dust exposure among miners

作　　者：曾敏[1,2] 黄磊[3] 张洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院环境卫生与职业医学系,四川成都610041 [2]泸州市安全生产监督管理局,四川泸州646000 [3]四川大学华西第四医院职业卫生评价科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《川北医学院学报》2016年第6期922-925,共4页Journal of North Sichuan Medical College

摘　　要：目的:调查了解石棉矿工人的慢性疾病情况,揭示石棉粉尘作业工人各机体系统的健康损害特征,为预防职业危害提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法抽取某石棉矿1 538名职工,通过问卷调查的方式收集职工的职业健康状况资料。结果:职工的平均接尘年限达到(16.9±11.6)年,慢性病的患病率情况,以神经感觉系统疾病(31.9%)、肌骨系统疾病(31.5%)、消化系统疾病(31.5%)患病率最高;随着年龄增大,慢性病患病率越高,更容易出现多系统疾病。女性工人的泌尿系统疾病患病率较高。慢性疾病患病率随着接尘时间延长呈上升趋势,接尘时间越长,各系统慢性病及多系统疾病患病率越高。结论:该石棉矿工人接尘岗位多,接尘时间较长,工人长期接尘慢性病及多系统疾病患病率均较高,应积极采取职业防护措施,改善工作条件,保护劳动者健康。Objective：To investigation prevalence of chronic diseases among asbestos miners,revealing the damage characteristic of asbestos to body systems and provide evidence for the prevention of occupational hazards. Methods：This study recruited 1 538 asbestos dust exposed workers using cluster sampling method. Demographic characteristics and occupational information were collected through questionnaires. Results ：The average year of miners exposed to dust was （ 16.9 ±11.6）. The high prevalence chronic diseases were sensory nervous system diseases （ 31.9% ） , musculoskeletal system diseases （ 31.5% ） and digestive diseases （ 31.5% ）. With increasing of age, the chronic diseases were more prevalence and multi-system diseases become more. Urinary system diseases were high prevalence among female workers. The prevalence of chronic diseases was increasing as exposure year increasing. Conclusion ： Many asbestos miners exposed to dust, and the time of asbestos miners exposed to dust was long. The prevalence of chronic disease was high. It should take active measures to improve working conditions and protect miners＇ health.

关 键 词：石棉 粉尘 慢性病 患病率 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]