上海市浦东新区学校水痘聚集性疫情分析  

Epidemic analysis of clusters of varicella in schools in Pudong New Area district of Shanghai

作　　者：彭毅[1] 费怡[1] 任亚萍[1] 张秀英[1] 陈红英[1] 肖绍坦 

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心复旦大学浦东预防医学研究院,上海200136

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2016年第12期1568-1570,共3页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心科技项目(PDCDC-2014-09)

摘　　要：目的 分析上海市浦东新区学校水痘聚集性疫情资料,为水痘疫情防控工作提供参考。方法 以2013年8月至2015年7月浦东新区学校发生的水痘聚集性疫情为研究对象,采用描述性研究方法分析疫情的三间分布。结果 2013年8月至2015年7月,上海市浦东新区学校共发生水痘聚集性疫情338起,持续时间21-132 d不等,其中中小学报告疫情数占总疫情数76.63%,发病高峰为5月份和11-12月份。共报告病例1 424例,男女比例为1.40∶1,本地户籍835人,外来589人,有免疫史797人,无免疫史517人,发病年龄范围为3-30岁,主要集中在5-12岁之间。比较不同组别的患者,发现本市户籍中有免疫史者高于外省户籍（χ^2=8.859,P=0.003）。有免疫史者出现发热症状少于无免疫史者（χ^2=26.681,P〈0.001）。结论 中小学为水痘聚集性疫情高发场所,完善水痘疫苗免疫策略可减轻水痘疾病负担。Objective To understand the clusters of varicella occurred in schools in Pndong New Area district of Shanghai, and provide evidence for varicella prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the characteristics of the clusters of varicella. The features of cases were analyzed. Results From August 2013 to July 2015, 338 clusters of varicella occurred in schools in Pudong New Area district. The proportion of primary and secondary schools was 76.63%. Two peaks occurred in May and November-December. A total of 1 424 varicella cases were investigated, including 830 male and 594 female. 78.79% cases were between 5 and 12 years old; local students who had received varieella vaccine were more than students from other provinces （χ^2=8.859, P=0.003） ; students received varieella vaccine had a milder clinical symptom than those without vaccination history （χ^2=26.681, P〈0.001 ）. Conclusions The clusters of varicella were mainly occurred in primary and secondary schools. A second dose of varicella could be effective to reduce incidence of varicella and disease burden of varicella. A two-dose varicella vaccine policy may be needed to provide protection.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学 学校 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]