“新”道义悖论——动态道义悖论及其哲学分析  

“New”Paradoxes: A Philosophical Analysis of Dynamic Deontic Paradoxes

作　　者：夏素敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2016年第12期7-12,共6页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"应用逻辑与逻辑应用研究"(14ZDB014);中国社会科学院哲学所创新工程项目"纯逻辑与逻辑应用研究"

摘　　要：在解析道义悖论的过程中,逻辑学家们给出了很多不同的方法,也各自面临着不同的问题。梅耶尔将道义逻辑归约为动态逻辑,并认为这种方法能够很好地消解道义悖论。但阿尔伯特指出,动态道义逻辑中仍然会出现"新"悖论。"新"的动态道义逻辑悖论与"旧"道义悖论之间有很多联系与区别。从哲学角度分析,动态道义悖论的出现缘于新算子的引入、新特性的刻画。一些所谓悖论只是动态道义逻辑的定理导致不符合直觉的结果,另一些与承诺悖论相似,缘于动态道义逻辑并未充分表达某些重要的道义概念。在"新"的道义逻辑系统中出现的"新"悖论,既有新特点,又与"旧"悖论有相关之处。道义悖论研究正是在这种"新"悖论与"旧"悖论的更替过程中不断推进的。In the process of study on deontic paradoxes,logicians have given many different ways,each facing different problems. Meyer reduced deontic logic to dynamic logic,and he thought this method can eliminate deontic paradoxes very well. But Albert pointed out that the 'new'paradox still appears in the dynamic deontic logic. There is a lot of connection and difference between the 'new'dynamic deontic paradoxes and the 'old'deontic paradoxes. From the point of view of philosophy,the emergence of the dynamic deontic paradoxes is more due to the introduction of new operators and the characterization of the new characteristics. Some of the so-called paradox is just the result of the dynamic logic of the logic of the non-intuitive results,and the other is similar to the commitment paradox,due to the dynamic deontic logic does not fully express some important deontic concepts. In the 'new'deontic logic system,the 'new'paradox,both new features,and the 'old'paradox have close relevance. The research of deontic paradoxes is developed in the alternate substitution of 'new'and 'old'paradox.

关 键 词：道义悖论 动态道义逻辑 哲学分析 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]