身体锻炼与基本心理能力老化的因果探讨  

The Causal Relationship between Physical Exercises and Aging of Primary Mental Abilities

作　　者：高淑青[1] 毛志雄[2] Gao Shuqing Mao Zhixiong(Key Laboratory of Competitive Sport Psychological and Physiological Regulation, General Administration of Sport of China, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, China Sport Science College of Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院国家体育总局竞技运动心理与生理调控实验室,天津300381 [2]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2016年第12期1140-1147,共8页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划资助;天津市体育局攻关项目课题(编号:GW201602)

摘　　要：本研究通过两个子研究探讨身体锻炼与基本心理能力老化的因果关系。研究1对31位中老年人进行了间隔20周的交叉滞后相关研究,研究2对15位中老年人进行了为期20周的锻炼干预(对照组15人)。两个研究均发现身体锻炼对中老年人的数字运算能力、归纳推理能力、空间定向能力和词汇流畅能力产生积极作用,而未对语义理解能力产生影响。结果表明,有氧锻炼可以延缓中老年人基本心理能力的退行性变化,且这种延缓作用在流体认知能力方面表现更为明显。这提示,为了延缓基本心理能力的老化,除采取身体锻炼这种有效的手段外,还需结合其他方式,来全面、有效地延缓老化的发生。To explore the causal relationship between physical exercises and aging of primary men- tal abilities in two studies. In the study 1,thirty-one middle-aged or elderly people participated in a cross lagged correlation study at an interval of 20 weeks. In the study 2, 15 middle-aged or elderly people were given a 20-week exercises intervention,with a control group of 15 people. Both studies found out the positive effect of physical exercises on number crunching ability, inductive reasoning abili- ty, spatial orientation ability and lexical fluency,but no effect on verbal comprehension ability. The re- suits indicated that aerobics exercises can delay the aging of middle-aged and old people＇s primary mental abilities, especially the fluid cognitive ability. This suggested that in order to delay the aging of basic mental abilities,it is necessary to combine physical exercises with other means.

关 键 词：身体锻炼 基本心理能力 老化 因果关系 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]