吉林省2014年麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Characteristics of measles epidemic in Jilin province in 2014

作　　者：李大强[1] 周剑惠[1] 田鑫[1] 程涛[1] 曹凤瑞[1] 付思美[1] 吕淑梅[1] 林琳[1] 陈超[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省疾病预防控制中心,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2016年第6期594-596,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：吉林省卫生计生委立项课题(编号:2014Z031)

摘　　要：目的分析吉林省2014年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定预防麻疹策略提供依据。方法对吉林省2014年麻疹监测系统报告的全部麻疹病例进行流行病学特征分析,对实验室确诊的麻疹病例进行临床特征分析。结果吉林省2014年共报告麻疹病例3 228例,发病率为12.96/10万,50%麻疹病例发生在4-5月份,以婴幼儿和成人为主;居住在集体单位病例占11.99%,有医院接触史病例占30.64%;实验室确诊麻疹病例中,含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史0剂与≥1剂麻疹病例的临床症状比较显示:发热、咳嗽、卡他症状、结膜炎和柯氏斑症状差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);出疹具有可比性,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论吉林省2014年麻疹发生有明显的季节性特征,春季高发;麻疹发病年龄呈现明显的两端分布,以婴幼儿和成人为主;接种MCV不仅能预防麻疹的发生,对于继发感染麻疹的病例能减轻其临床症状,应针对高危人群加强麻疹疫苗接种,有效控制麻疹的传播流行。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jilin Province in 2014,and provided the basis for the formulation of the strategy to prevent measles. Methods In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases in Jilin Province in 2014 were analyzed,and the clinical features of the laboratory confirmed measles cases were analyzed. Results Jilin Province in 2014 were reported measles cases 3 228 cases,incidence 12. 96 /100 000,50%of cases of measles occurred in 4 to 5 months,mainly in infants,children and adults; living in the unit of collective case11. 99%,hospital contact history cases accounted for 30. 64%; laboratory confirmed measles cases,the clinical symptoms of MCV = 0 and MCV was more than or equal to 1 measles cases shows that fever,cough,catarrh,conjunctivitis and Coriolis spot symptoms had statistical difference（ P〈0. 05）,rash had no statistical difference（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion The occurrence of measles has obvious seasonal characteristics,the high incidence of spring,the age of onset of measles shows obvious distribution of both ends,mainly in infants and adults. Vaccination with MCV can prevent the occurrence of measles,which can reduce the clinical symptoms of the patients with secondary infection. It should be targeted at high- risk groups to strengthen the vaccination of measles vaccine,and effectively control the spread of measles.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]