川西北丘陵坡耕地苜蓿玉米间作田土壤水分与作物产量规律研究  

Research on Soil Water and Crop Yield of Alfalfa-Maize Intercropping System at Slope Land in the Hilly Regions of Sichuan Province

作　　者：王学春[1] 王红妮[2] 李巍[3] 毕胜[1] WANG Xue-chun WANG Hong-ni LI Wei BI Sheng(School of Life Science and Technology College of Adult and Online Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China Central Laboratory, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou 35003, China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,中国绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学成人与网络教育学院,中国绵阳621010 [3]福建省农业科学院中心实验室,中国福州350003

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2016年第6期9-14,共6页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：粮食丰产增效科技创新重点项目(2016YFD0300210);四川省教育厅资助项目(13ZB0299)

摘　　要：通过比较玉米单作、苜蓿单作和苜蓿玉米间作3种种植模式的田间土壤水分含量和地表径流量,产量与产值等,明确了苜蓿玉米间作在四川丘陵坡耕地的土壤水分变迁规律.结果表明：（1）在降水较多的7月,苜蓿玉米间作田的土壤含水量在0-20 cm,40-60 cm和80-100 cm土层分别为19.5%-21．6%,18.2%-20.3%和16.3%-18.5%；在降水较少的12月,其土壤含水量分别为19.5%-21.7%,18.2%-20.1%和17.1%-18.5%.（2）丘陵坡耕地苜蓿玉米间作田的土壤有效含水量在6-9月较高,在11月-翌年3月较低；在6-9月大于玉米单作田,小于苜蓿单作田；在11月-翌年3月则低于玉米单作田,高于苜蓿单作田.（3）2012-2014年,苜蓿玉米间作田的地表平均径流量为15471 m3/km2；比苜蓿单作田增加56.1%,比玉米单作田减少29.1%.（4）苜蓿玉米间作田的苜蓿干草产量为18073-22164 kg/hm2,玉米籽粒产量为3864-4176 kg/hm2,玉米秸秆产量为4830-5890 kg/hm2,其产值为49900-50100元/hm2,略低于苜蓿单作田,显著高于玉米单作田.从土壤水分变迁和地表径流等角度综合考虑,在四川丘陵坡耕地推行苜蓿玉米间作具有较强的可行性,但在推行过程中需注意选取耐高温、耐高湿的苜蓿品种,并注意苜蓿生长期间的病害防治.The law of soil water changing in alfalfa-maize intercropping system （ AM ） cropping system was clarified by the comparison of soil water content, surface runoff amount, yield and economic benefit among mono maize cropping system （ME）, mono alfalfa cropping system （AL） and alfalfa-maize intercropping system（AM）. Results showed that the precipitation of July was larger than other months, soil water content of AM was 19. 5% -21. 6%,18. 2% -20. 3%and 16. 3% -18. 5%, respectively, at 0 -20 cm, 40 -60 cm and 80 -100 cm soil layers;while the rainfall of September was less than other months, soil water content in the same soil layers was 19. 5% -21. 7%, 18. 2% -20. 1% and 17. 1% -18. 5% respectively. Available soil water of AM was higher be-tween June and September, while it was less from November to next March. The available soil water of AM was higher than that of ME and was less than that of AL during June to September;while it was less than ME and higher than AL among November and next March. Mean runoff amount of AM was 15 471 m3/km2 , which is increased by 56. 1% than that of AL and is decreased by 29. 1% than that of ME, from 2012 to 2014. Alfalfa yield of AM was 18 073-22 164 kg/hm2 , with the maize yield of 3 864 -4 176 kg/hm2 and the maize straw of 4 830 -5 890 kg/hm2 from 2012 to 2014. The total economic income of AM was 49 900-50 100 Yuan/hm2 , which was signifi-cantly less than AL and higher than ME. Taking soil water changing, runoff amount and economic into account, we concluded that there was a stronger feasibility to practice the alfalfa-maize intercropping system at the slope land in the hilly regions of Sichuan Province. However the alfalfa used in alfalfa-maize cropping system should have a high-er capacity to tolerate high temperature and ruminated environment. The farmer should also pay more attention to prevent and control alfalfa disease during the growth of alfalfa in summer.

关 键 词：土壤水分 地表径流 产量 苜蓿玉米间作 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]