青海藏药雪灵芝种质资源调查研究  

Research and investigation in germplasm resources of Kansu sandwort herbs in Qinghai Province

作　　者：刘增根[1,2] 康海林[3] 崔玉磊 王卫东[1,2] 焦利进 梅丽娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]中国科学院藏药研究重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [3]西宁市园林植物园,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《时珍国医国药》2016年第12期2996-2999,共4页Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金(No.2015-ZJ-927Q)

摘　　要：目的 调查青海藏药雪灵芝的野生种质资源分布特点、种类和种群特征,为规范化种植、资源保护及合理开发利用提供依据。方法 采用查阅文献资料结合实地调查和走访调研的方法对藏药雪灵芝在青海的野生种质资源情况进行系统调查研究,并收集和保存种质资源。结果 青海省民间使用雪灵芝药材的基源植物有10种,主要分布于海拔3500~5300 m高山草甸、砾石流带和山坡岩石缝隙中,甘肃雪灵芝和青藏雪灵芝分布最广,储量最多;青海雪灵芝生长的群落结构以草本层为主,构成相对简单,群落植物的科、属组成分散,含种数最多的是龙胆属Gentiana,其次是风毛菊属Saussurea、绿绒蒿属Meconopsis、红景天属Rhodiola、嵩草属Kobresia、蓼属Polygonum和兔耳草属Lagotis。结论 该研究探明了青海野生雪灵芝资源分布情况、种类和种群特征,并发现野生雪灵芝种质资源生物学存在多样性,甘肃雪灵芝产量最高;由于生境破坏和和过度采挖,野生雪灵芝资源日趋减少,建议采取野生抚育和发展人工种植等方法保护雪灵芝野生种质资源,保证雪灵芝的可持续利用。The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution, species and population characteristics of wild Kansu sand- wort herb in Qinghai Province, which is beneficial to the standardized cultivation, protection and development of these resources. We do the research systematically on resources of wild Kansu sandwort herbs through reading the documents and using the method of field investigation. And the germplasm resources are also collected and reserved. It is indicated that the folks often use ten kinds of these herbs which are distributed in subalpine meadow and rock - flowing hillside of high mountains. A. kansuensis and A. roborowskii are widely distributed with high reserves. The community structures of these herbs are dominated mainly in the grass layers which are simple in their groups, and its family and genus are of scattered composition. The most of species in the communities is Gentiana, followed by Saussurea, Meconopsis, Rhodiola, Kobresia, Polygonum and Lagotis. In this investigation, we clearly find out the distribution, species and population characteristics of the herbs in Qinghai Province. And these germplasm resources exist on diversity in biology, and the yield of A. kansuensis is highest. The wild resources of Kansu sandwort herbs have reduced gradually with the destruction of habitats and over - exploitation. And it is suggested that the measures of wildlife tending and planting should be taken to protect the resources. Then the sustainable utilization of Kansu sandwort herbs can be ensured.

关 键 词：雪灵芝 种质资源 资源调查 藏药 

分 类 号：R282.4[医药卫生—中药学]