明抗倭援朝战争初期中朝宗藩间之“信任危机”及其根源  

On The Crisis of Confidence between the Ming and Choson Governments in the Early Stage of the Ming and Choson Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：孙卫国[1] 解祥伟 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《古代文明》2017年第1期105-112,共8页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

摘　　要：抗倭援朝战争初期,明与朝鲜间本来稳固的宗藩互信关系出现危机。战前,先是朝鲜私自通信日本种下祸根,继由东亚贸易网传来朝鲜诱引日本入犯大明的报告。朝鲜感到压力后迅速派使辩诬,暂时修复了信任关系。战初,朝鲜节节溃败,但迟迟未向明廷请援,再度引起明朝怀疑。面对危局,明朝主动派人勘疑,先后派三拨使节进入朝鲜;朝鲜则连遣使节入辽、入京请援,同时与东来明使臣沟通,释疑辩诬。经过努力,双方终于再建信任关系,并迅速投入到联合对日作战中。上述信任危机的产生及其应对处置,一方面揭示出明代中朝"典型宗藩关系"中存在"不典型"的一面,"事大字小"行为中隐含着别有意味的内涵;另一方面也反映了明、鲜宗藩关系框架下,辩诬、勘疑等手段因常用于处理不良事件而成为宗藩体制之重要内容。In 1592, when the Choson Korea was facing an invasion from Japan, a crisis of mutual confidence occurred between the Ming and Choson governments. Previously, Choson secretly communicated with the Japanese. Soon, the Ming government received a report saying that Choson would lead the Japanese to invade Ming. Being aware of the problem, Choson quickly sent envoys to Ming to explain and temporarily rebuilt the mutual trust. In the early stage of the war, Choson suffered consequence defeats on battle grounds but it did not ask for immediate military support from the Ming side, which again led to the suspicion of Ming. In such a situation, the Ming government sent envoys to Choson to investigate, while Choson formally asked for military supports to Ming. The mutual confidence was eventually rebuilt and the two countries quickly threw themselves into the war against Japanese invasion. It is apparently that the tributary relationship between Ming and Choson was far from problem free and many efforts needed to be made to maintain the mutual confidence of the two sides.

关 键 词：明代中朝关系 抗倭援朝战争 朝鲜宣祖国王 “信任危机” 朝日关系 

分 类 号：K248.205[历史地理—历史学]