江门市新会区镉-镍电池厂作业工人尿镉、尿镍含量测定及作业环境镍尘、镉尘浓度检测  

Determination of urine cadmium and urine nickel levels in workers from cadmium-nickel battery factories in Xinhui district,Jiangmen

作　　者：冯婉丽[1] 李玉萍[1] 梁玉潮[1] 李银凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]江门市新会区疾病预防控制中心,广东江门529100

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2016年第24期3598-3600,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的了解新会区电池厂作业工人尿镉、尿镍含量水平及作业环境镍尘、镉尘浓度检测。方法选择新会区两间镉-镍电池厂233名作业工人作为研究对象,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定作业工人的尿镍和尿镉含量,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定作业车间空气中镍尘、镉尘的浓度,然后进行统计分析。结果自动化程度较高的电池厂车间空气中镉尘和镍尘含量不超标,设备陈旧的电池厂镉尘和镍尘含量超标率分别为30%和20%;两电池厂间作业工人尿镉、尿镍检测的超标率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别作业工人间的尿镉、尿镍含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同工龄作业工人间的尿镉、尿镍含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论建议电池厂采用新技术、新工艺,提高机械化程度,并改良作业场所的工作环境,加强作业工人防护措施,定期进行职业健康体检。Objective To investigate the content levels of Ni and Cd in battery factory workers in Xinhui district,and to detect the dust concentrations of nickel and cadmium in work environment. Methods 233 workers from two Ni-Cd battery factories in Xinhui district were selected as the research objects. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted to measure the contents of urine nickel and urine cadmium from workers,and flame atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted to measure the concentration of nickel dust and cadmium dust in the air of work shop,and then to carry out statistical analysis.Results Contents of nickel dust and cadmium dust in workshop of battery factory with higher degree of automation did not exceed the standards; the contents of nickel dust and cadmium dust in workshop of battery factory with old equipments exceeded the standards by 30% and 20% respectively. Excess rate differences of urine nickel and urine cadmium tests for workers between the two factories had statistical significance（ P 0. 05）; contents differences of urine nickel and urine cadmium in workers between different genders had statistical significance（ P 0. 05）; contents differences of urine nickel and urine cadmium in workers among different working years had statistical significance（ P 0. 05）. Conclusion The battery factories are suggested to adopt new technology and new process,to improve the mechanization degree,working environment of operation,and to strengthen the prevention measures for operation workers and to make regular occupational health examinations.

关 键 词：尿镍 尿镉 镉尘 镍尘 

分 类 号：O657.31[理学—分析化学]