基于克隆整合特性的劳动节约型竹林采伐新模式探索  

An Approach to a Labor-saving Cutting Model for Bamboo Forest Management,a Study Based on Clonal Integration

作　　者：王龙凤[1,2,3] 范承芳 梁宽[1,2] 樊燕[1,2] 杨光耀[1,2,3] 张磊[1] 施建敏[1,2,3] WANG Long-feng FAN Cheng-fang LIANG Kuan FAN Yan YANG Guang-yao ZHANG Lei SHI Jian-min(College of Forestry ,Jiangxi Agricultural University ,Nanchang 330045, China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, China Collaborative Innova- tion Center of Jiangxi Typical Tree Cultivation and Utilization, Nanehang 330045, China Ruichang Bureau of Forestry, Ruichang, Jiangxi 332200, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省竹子种质资源与利用重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西特色林木资源培育与利用2011协同创新中心,江西南昌330045 [4]江西省瑞昌市林业局,江西瑞昌332200

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2016年第6期1110-1118,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260174;31660198);江西省重点研发计划项目(20161BBF60082);江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2015-S179)~~

摘　　要：基于竹子的克隆整合特性和采伐作业的便捷性,提出＂带状轮伐＂模式以期解决劳动力紧缺所致的伐竹难题。以淡竹（Phyllostachys glauca）为研究对象,选择3个林分进行留竹、皆伐处理和对照,设置20 m%5 m样带中间（伐竹边界）为＂0＂点,以1 m为间隔将样带划分成20个1 m%5 m的区段,观测翌年发笋时间,新竹数量、基径和株高,结果表明：皆伐林的新竹数量显著高于留竹林和对照林,样带内新竹基径和株高从-10 m至10 m逐渐降低,6~10 m区段的数值显著低于其他区段;提前出笋新竹数量多于正常出笋新竹,但基径和株高都小于正常出笋新竹;提前出笋新竹分布在皆伐林,正常出笋新竹从留竹林延伸至皆伐林1~5 m区段;在提前出笋与正常出笋新竹交迭区段,两类新竹的数量呈此长彼消态势;正常出笋新竹的基径和株高都显著高于提前出笋新竹。结果验证了＂带状轮伐＂的3个基本前提：（1）留竹林的克隆整合有效距离可达5 m;（2）克隆整合有效距离内新竹的质量优于有效距离外的;（3）克隆整合对留竹林新竹生长没有明显影响。综合看来,＂带状轮伐＂的竹林采伐模式可行。This paper aims at exploring a labor-saving cutting model to alleviate the rural labor shortage in bamboo cutting.Based on the characteristics of clonal integration and for convenient cutting,the model of rotative belt cutting is proposed in this study.According to the design of the cutting model,the bamboo stands were partly clear cutting in vertical belt（ clear cutting belt）,and a reserved belt without cutting neighbored the clear cutting belt.Then,the clear cutting belt and reserved belt were periodically changed.Three uniform bamboo forest stands of Phyllostachys glauca were selected to arrange experimental control and treatment（ reserving or clear cutting）.In each stand,a sample belt with 20 m long and 5 m wide was set by extending 10 m from the cutting boundary（ 0 m） to left and right sides,and the belt was divided into twenty sectors by 1 m interval.In the next year,the bamboo shooting time and the number of new bamboo were recorded,and the basal diameter and height of new bamboo in each sector were measured.The amount of new bamboo in the clear cutting stand was significantly higher than that in the reserved stand and the control stand.The basal diameter and height of new bamboo decreased gradually from-10 m to 10 m,and the value in the sector（ 6-10 m） was dramatically lower than that in other sectors.The number of early shooting bamboo was more than that of the normally shooting bamboo,while their size was smaller than that of the normally shooting bamboo.The early shooting bamboo only distributed in the clear cutting stand,while the normally shooting bamboo distributed from the reserved stand to the sector of 1 m to 5 m in the clear cutting stand.In the overlap sector（ 1-5 m）,the early shooting bamboo increased with the increase in the distance from the cutting boundary.Conversely,the normally shooting bamboo decreased.Meanwhile,the size of the normally shooting bamboo was significantly bigger than that of the early shooting bamboo. The results verified the premises of rotative belt

关 键 词：带状轮伐 克隆整合 劳动节约 竹林经营 淡竹 

分 类 号：S750[农业科学—森林经理学]