应用井口高频电加热技术延长冷输油井化清周期  

Applying high-frequency electrical heating technology for the wellhead to prolong the period of cold-transportation oil wells' chemical cleaning

作　　者：宋成清[1] 陈雯[2] 李长生[1] 罗日蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]大庆油田有限责任公司第七采油厂 [2]大庆油田有限责任公司第四采油厂

出　　处：《石油石化节能》2016年第12期35-36,共2页Energy Conservation in Petroleum & PetroChemical Industry

摘　　要：由于冷输油井采用不掺水集输技术,在集输过程中没有热源提供,管壁会出现不同程度的结蜡现象,影响集输管道的输送能力。针对冷输油井管线结蜡问题,目前主要通过化清车定期高温蒸汽热洗和井口安装电加热器进行管线日常维护。常规高温化清需人工、燃料、热水等消耗,工人劳动量大;传统电加热器需连续加热,功率在5000 k W左右,耗电量巨大。为解决上述问题,研发了新型井口高频电加热装置。此装置整合了传统电加热器和电磁防蜡器,并通过超导体将工频交流电转换为1~100 k Hz的高中频交流电;应用电磁感应原理,通过电感线圈将电能转换成相同频率的交变磁场,并利用涡流效应,借助金属本身的电子摩擦发热,将电能转换为热能,实现低能耗自动控温。高频电加热器平均每天运行15.2 h,日耗电380 k Wh,年消耗电费8.7万元,大大降低了冷输油井干线清防蜡成本。Due to the no water and no heating source in the process of gathering and transportation for cold-transportation oil wells,paraffin precipitation in different degree appears on the pipe wall,which affects the pipeline's transportation capacity.The paraffin precipitation problem mainly resolved by pipeline routine maintenance through regular high-temperature steam washing by the chemical cleaning car and the installation of the electrical heater at the wellhead,the conventional high-temperature chemical cleaning consumes labor,fuel and hot water,and the traditional electrical heater,which needs continuous heating with the power about 5,000 kw,consumes huge amount of electrical energy.Aiming at above problems,a new device of high-frequency electrical heating for the wellhead is developed.It integrates the traditional electrical heater with the electromagnetic paraffin controller,transforming the power frequency alternating current into high-medium frequency alternating current of 1-1000 Hz.According to the principle of electromagnetic induction,electrical energy can be transformed into the alternating field with the same frequency by inductance coil,and according to the eddy-current effect,the electrical energy can be transformed into heat energy by the electronic friction.By doing so,the device can realize automatic temperature control with low energy consumption.For a well that frequently needs chemical cleaning,it takes 360,000 Yuan a year to take chemical cleaning once every two days.By using the high-frequency electrical heating device 15.2 h/d with the daily power consumption of 380 kW,it takes 87,000 Yuan a year for electric charge,which greatly reduces the cost of paraffin control for the main pipeline of cold-transportation oil wells.

关 键 词：冷输油井管线 电加热器 电磁防蜡器 清蜡 

分 类 号：TE977[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]