贵州近10年短时强降水统计分析  

Statistical Analysis of Severe Short Time Precipitation in Guizhou for the Latest 10 Years

作　　者：周明飞 熊伟[2] 杜小玲 

机构地区：[1]贵州省气象台,贵州贵阳550002 [2]贵州省气象信息中心,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《成都信息工程大学学报》2016年第4期425-432,共8页Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology

基　　金：中国气象局关键技术集成与应用资助项目(CMAGJ2015M52)

摘　　要：为研究贵州近10年短时强降水的时空分布特征、物理量场特征及对流云团的生消发展。采用实况地面和高空观测资料、风云气象卫星资料,对贵州近10年短时强降水进行统计分析,结果显示贵州短时强降水呈现出南多北少空间分布特征。对物理量场分析发现,850 h Pa平均比湿超过14 g/kg,700 h Pa平均比湿超过10 g/kg,比湿量级与贵州出现暴雨天气量级一致,在短时强降水发生前均具有一定的对流有效位能（CAPE）,CAPE最小值与最大值差异较大。同时结合天气形势与地理特征研究了2004~2014年贵州出现的128次短时强降水个例的对流云团特征,将短时强降水对流云团分为北部型、南部型、中部型、西部型以及东部型,其中各出现次数分别为15、43、32、17、21,所占比例分别为11.7%、33.6%、25%、13.3%、16.4%,结果表明南部型最多,影响范围较大,影响时间最长;北部型与西部型较少,多在邻近省份发展再影响贵州,范围小、时间短;东部型与中部型强度较弱,消散快。In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,physical characteristics and field development and extinction of convective clouds of Guizhou10 years of heavy rainfall. ive surface and upper air observations,FY meteorological satellite data to conduct statistical analysis,which shows that heavy rainfall in Guizhou Southern Northern. Analysis of physical fields find that,850 h Pa average specific humidity of more than 14 g / kg,700 h Pa average specific humidity of more than 10 g / kg The humidity level is consistent with heavy rain middleweight appear Guizhou,before the occurrence of heavy rainfall hav certain convective available potential energy（ CAPE）,CAPE minimum and maximum values are quite different. Combined with weather conditions and geographical characteristics,128 times shortterm heavy rainfall convectivhe heavy rainfall convective clouds into northern type and southern type,type central,western type and the eastern type,whereoccurrencewere 15,43,32,17,21,the proportion was 11.7 %,33.6 %,25 %,13.3 %,16.4 % results shows that the most southern type,the more scope large,affecting the longest; the northern and western model type less,and more develop the neighboring provinces of Guizhou small-scaleshort time; the eastern and central type type intensity is weak,dissipated quickly.

关 键 词：气象学 中小尺度天气 短时强降水 时空分布 对流云团 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]