黔东南一次强冰雹过程的中尺度分析  

Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Hail Process in Qiandongnan

作　　者：龙天强 罗辉[2,3] 朱克云[2] 蒋瑛[2] 范艺[2] 凌燕 

机构地区：[1]贵州黔东南州气象局,贵州凯里556000 [2]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室,四川成都610225 [3]四川省气象台,四川成都610072

出　　处：《成都信息工程大学学报》2016年第4期433-442,共10页Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology

基　　金：贵州省气象局开放基金资助项目(黔气科合KF【2015】17号)

摘　　要：针对2013年早春期间一次大范围冰雹天气过程,采用NCEP再分析资料、探空资料及雷达资料对此次冰雹过程的成因及特征进行分析。结果表明：此次冰雹天气的影响系统主要是500 h Pa高空槽、西南涡、高空急流、低空急流,地面辐合线及地面冷锋;在降冰雹时,大气呈上干下湿的状态,700 h Pa和500 h Pa温差从06时逐渐增大,18时达到最大,500 h Pa与850 h Pa假相当位温差超过16℃,0～6 km的垂直风切变为26.3 m/s,K指数达到了34℃,SI指数为-2.7;在降大冰雹的回波中出现三体散射、弱回波区或有界弱回波区、强而高大的回波墙和悬垂回波,50 d Bz的反射率因子的顶高超过-20℃层等特征。在降冰雹前,垂直液态积分含水量迅速下降,可用于冰雹的预警,同时,中层存在超过30 m/s的大风速带,并伴随明显的冷平流与强的风切变;雷暴初生源地均在低海拔地区,受黔东南地形的影响雷暴分裂东移,地势抬升及暖湿空气的迎风坡有利于降雹。During the early spring 2013 for a large-scale hail weather process,NCEP reanalysis data,radiosonde data and radar data on the causes and characteristics of this process were analyze hail. The results show： The hail weather processes that affect the system is mainly by the 500 h Pa trough,southwest vortex,upper level jet,low-level jet,surface convergence line and cold front on the ground. When hail,the air was pper dry and lower layer wet,and the temperature difference between 700 h Pa and 500 h Pa increased at 6： 00,at 18： 00 reached peak,and the temperature difference between 500 h Pa and 850 h Pa was more than 16.The vertical wind shear between 0-6 km reached 26.3 m / s,and the K index reached 34 ℃,and the SI index was-2.7. A threebody scattering,weak echo area,a bounded weak echo area,strong and large echo and the suspended echo in the thunderstorm echo of large hail The reflectivity factor of50 d Bz is higher than the-20 ℃ layer. Before hail,VIL decreased rapidly and use for arning hail,in the middle layer,and the maximum wind speed is over 30 m / s,and there are obvious cold advection and strong wind shear. The initial source of thehunderstorm in low altitude area,and the thunderstorm moves east after the division,Terrain elevation and warm air windward is conducive to hail.

关 键 词：气象学 中尺度分析 冰雹 地形 雷达回波 

分 类 号：P458.121.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]