不同挂膜方式对人工快渗系统处理性能的影响  

Effect of different biofilm formation methods on treatment performance of constructed rapid infiltration system

作　　者：陈佼[1] 张建强[1] 李佳[1] 杨旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第1期230-236,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20130184110027);国家级大学生创新训练计划资助项目(201510613018)

摘　　要：针对人工快渗系统运行启动时间普遍较长的问题,研究了自然挂膜、活性污泥挂膜和优势菌挂膜3种方式对系统处理性能及微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,采用优势菌挂膜的启动时间比自然挂膜和活性污泥挂膜分别缩短了35 d、17 d,从第38天起,COD去除率稳定在90%以上,系统的抗水力负荷冲击能力也较强;TN去除率较自然挂膜和活性污泥挂膜分别提高了48.1%、37.9%,亚硝化菌和反硝化菌数量的增加为短程硝化反硝化脱氮提供了基础;细菌、真菌、放线菌的总量比自然挂膜和活性污泥挂膜分别高出1.66倍、1.02倍,纤维素酶、脲酶活性也相应提升,微生物的空间分布、酶的活性与各人工快渗系统对污染物的去除效果表现出一致性。The start-up time of a constructed rapid infiltration system is generally long. To address this problem,effects of three biofilm formation methods on treatment performance,microbial quantity,and enzymatic activity of the system were studied. The results showed that the start-up time of biofilm formation by dominant bacteria was shortened by 35 and 17 days in comparison with natural biofilm formation and biofilm formation with activated sludge,respectively. The COD removal rate was above 90% stably from the 38 th day. The system showed higher resistance to hydraulic loading shock as well. The TN removal rate with biofilm formation by dominant bacteria increased by 48. 1% and 37. 9% in comparison with natural biofilm formation and biofilm formation with activated sludge,respectively,and the increase in nitrite and in the number of denitrification bacteria provided the basis for shortcut nitrification and denitrification. The total number of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes with dominant-bacteria biofilm formation was 1. 66 and 1. 02 fold greater as compared to natural biofilm formation and activated-sludge biofilm formation,respectively; cellulase and urease activities were enhanced as well. The spatial distribution of microorganisms and enzymatic activities correlated with the efficiency of removal of pollutants in each constructed rapid infiltration system.

关 键 词：挂膜 处理性能 微生物数量 酶活性 人工快渗系统 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]