一起学校水痘暴发疫情的病例对照调查  

A Case-control Study on Chickenpox Outbreak in School

作　　者：刘惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市渝北区疾病预防控制中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2017年第2期144-147,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的及时掌握和分析1起水痘暴发疫情的流行特征及影响因素,为进一步制定水痘的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对重庆市渝北区某小学校发生的1起水痘疫情流行特征采用描述性分析方法,对影响因素分析采用病例对照方法。结果该次疫情历时51 d,64名学生发病,罹患率为3.21%,无死亡病例。患病学生主要为8岁年龄组,主要分布于二年级,90.63%的患病学生表示有水痘病例接触史,水痘疫苗接种率53.13%。病例对照结果显示与水痘病例一周内有接触史(OR=5.42)、男性(OR=1.89)、5年前或更早接种疫苗(OR=6.86)是本次疫情的危险因素,接种水痘疫苗(OR=0.35)、洗手次数≥3次/d(OR=0.48)、班中接触的病例已隔离(OR=0.45)为本次疫情的保护因素。结论加强学校晨检工作,尽早并严格隔离患者,及时对易感人群实施预防接种,落实各项消毒工作,强化在校学生传染病的监测和报告的意识,是预防和控制水痘疫情的最有效措施。Objective To understand the epidemiologic feature and influencing factors of chickenpox outbreak, and provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive method was adopted to analyzing the epidemiologie feature of chickenpox outbreak, case - control study was used to explore the influencing factors of the outbreak. Results This event lasted 51 days, 64 students were infected, the attack rate was 3.21%, and luckily there was no death. The infected students were mainly 7 -8 years old, in grade two, 90. 63% of the cases were exposed to chickenpox cases, vaccination rate was 53.13%. Case -control analysis showed that exposure to cases in a week and male were the risk factors, vaccination, washing hands more than three times a day and cases in the same class were isolated were protected factors. Conclusion Strengthening morning inspection, isolation of patients at early stage, immediate implementation of vaccination, implementation of disinfection, strengthening the monitoring and reporting awareness of infectious disease among students were the most effective measures for chiekenpox epidemic control.

关 键 词：水痘 暴发 流行病学 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]