三江源生态工程实施以来草地恢复态势及现状分析  

Analysis of the Grassland Restoration Trend and Degradation Situation in the “Three-River Headwaters” Region since the Implementation of the Ecological Project

作　　者：徐新良[1] 王靓[1,2] 李静[3] 蔡红艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]环境保护部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2017年第1期50-58,共9页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-TZ-G10);中国科学院特色研究所培育建设服务项目(TSYJS03)

摘　　要：三江源生态保护与建设工程实施以来,区域生态环境发生了明显的改善。为了正确认识该地区草地退化恢复的程度及其空间分布特征,本文通过对比分析2004年和2012年2期遥感影像,利用人工解译的手段获取了工程实施后三江源地区退化草地变化态势数据集,并在此基础上分析了退化草地的恢复态势,以及草地退化现状的空间格局特征。结果表明:(1)2004-2012年三江源生态工程实施以后,该地区草地退化呈现不同程度的减缓态势,而且局部地区草地状况明显好转;(2)三江源地区各县草地退化趋势基本得到控制,退化草地变化以轻微好转和明显好转为主,退化发生和退化加剧现象仅发生在极少数县;(3)2012年三江源退化草地面积比2004年降低了5.78%,其中中度退化草地的面积减少最显著,下降了5.35%。黄河源和长江源草地退化的形势依然比较严峻,玛多县、曲麻莱县、称多县北部和治多县东南部草地退化最明显。三江源生态工程自实施以来,草地恢复态势及现状分析对归纳总结三江源生态保护与建设一期工程的成功经验和基本教训,以及合理指导二期工程的实施具有重要的科学意义。The implementation of ecological conservation and construction projects in the ＂Three-River Headwa- ters＂ region had a positive impact on its ecological environment. Through comparative analysis of remote sensing images in 2004 and 2012, the dataset of changes in degraded grassland after the implementation of ecological projects was acquired. Based on the dataset, we analyzed the grassland restoration trend and degradation situation in the ＂Three-River Headwaters＂ region. The results showed that the grassland presented a meliorated status at various degrees and the grassland situation improved the grassland degradation status in early time period of obviously in local areas during 2004-2012 compared to 1990-2004. The grassland degradation trend in counties of ＂Three-River Headwaters＂ region had been controlled during 2004-2012. Slight and obvious improvement dominated in all counties while occurring and intensified degradation took place in few counties. Compared with the degradation grassland area in 2004, the degradation grassland area in 2012 decreased by 5.78%, among which moderate degradation grassland decreased most obviously by 5.35%. There was a severe degradation in the source region of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, including Maduo, Qumarl6b, southern Chindu, and southwestern Zhidoi. Analysis of the grassland restoration trend and degradation status in the ＂Three-River Headwaters＂ region after the implementation of ecological projects can not only summarize successful experience and lessons of the first-stage project, but also provide rational guidance on the implementation of a second-stage ecological project.

关 键 词：三江源 遥感 草地退化 生态工程 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]