鹿茸完全再生机制研究进展  

Progress on the Mechanism Underlying Full Regeneration of Mammalian Organ Deer Antlers

作　　者：李春义[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所/特种经济动物分子生物学国家重点实验室,长春130000

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2017年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(No.2011AA100603);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31170950);吉林省重点科技攻关项目(No.2015020407NY);吉林省自然科学基金项目(No.20140101139JC)

摘　　要：鹿茸每年从角柄残桩上完全再生,是目前发现的唯一能够完全再生的哺乳动物器官,是研究自然界哺乳动物肢体/附属器官完全再生问题的理想模型。研究显示,鹿茸芽基来源于角柄骨膜细胞的增殖与分化。角柄骨膜细胞可以表达多种胚胎干细胞标记物并且能够在离体情况下被诱导分化成多种体细胞,为鹿茸干细胞。鹿茸干细胞只有与紧密包裹的角柄皮肤细胞建立起相互作用后才能发起鹿茸的再生。鹿茸早期的再生过程在组织学上与小鼠(Mus musculus)断肢伤口愈合过程相似,区别在于角柄骨膜细胞与长骨骨膜细胞的增殖潜能。有效提高小鼠断肢长骨骨膜细胞的增殖潜能,使之接近角柄骨膜细胞,或许可以实现哺乳动物的肢体部分完全再生。本文综述了鹿茸各组织再生和鹿茸干细胞的研究进展,比较了鹿茸再生与蝾螈(Notophthalmus uiridescens)肢体再生的异同并且对鹿茸再生模型到临床用提出了展望。本文为解决人类(Homo sapiens)断指和断肢再生提供了理论依据。Deer antlers are the only mammalian organs that can fully grow back once lost from their pedicles,the permanent bony protuberances. Studies have demonstrated that it is the proliferation and differentiation of pedicle periosteal cells（PPCs） that give rise to the antler blastema, from which antler regeneration takes place.PPCs express key embryonic stem cell markers and can be induced to differentiate into multiple cell lineages in vitro, so are called antler stem cells. Further studies have found that PPCs can initiate antler regeneration only when they have interacted with the pedicle skin. Histologically, the process of early antler regeneration resembles that of healing of a mouse（Mus musculus） leg stump wound. However what sets these two apart is the difference in proliferation potential between the PPCs and the periosteal cells of the mouse long bone. We believe that if we can impart a greater proliferation potential to the long bone periosteal cells, we might be able to achieve the dream of regenerating limbs in mammals including humans. This article has reviewed the progress on histogenesis of antler regeneration including the inner and outer tissue components and antler stem cell research, made comparison between regenerations of deer antlers and newt limbs and identified theirsimilarities and differences, pointed out the future direction toward the possible use in clinics, and provides new way of thinking for how to ultimately solve the problem of human limb regeneration.

关 键 词：鹿茸 再生 角柄 骨膜 干细胞 

分 类 号：Q813[生物学—生物工程]