对重特大事故案例研究的认识与思考——基于安全管理和应急管理相结合的视角  

Understanding and Thinking about Case Research on Major Accidents A Perspective of Safety Management Combined with Emergency Management

作　　者：姜传胜[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]<中国应急管理>编辑部 [2]中国安全生产科学研究院,教授级高工北京100017

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2017年第1期122-130,共9页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究专项集成平台项目"突发事件应急准备与应急预案体系研究"(编号:91024031);国家自然科学基金重点项目"非常规突发事件应急准备体系的构成及其评估理论与方法"(编号:90924303)

摘　　要：开展重特大事故案例研究,可为重特大事故防范应对工作提供最直接最有力的理论技术支撑,也是现阶段推动应急管理和安全科学专业理论方法发展完善的重要途径。鉴于重特大事故自身特点和防范应对重特大事故的实践需求,应从安全管理和应急管理相结合的视角,着眼于事故孕育、发生、发展、演化及其应对处置的全过程,综合运用管理科学和工程技术科学的理论和方法开展跨学科研究。重特大事故案例研究及其成果应用的完整过程实则是从实践到理论再从理论到实践的认识论循环,在案例研究设计、实施和成果运用过程中应注意解决好案例边界确定、资料收集分析方法选用、应对事故调查的潜在影响、克服潜在偏见以及丰富研究成果表现形式等方面问题。随着不断探索研究过程中跨学科研究团队和理论方法的形成以及研究资料成果的积累丰富,当前制约重特大事故案例研究及其成果应用的主要问题(缺乏多案例比较研究、关键细节难以获取、多学科研究视角方法和成果难以有效整合等)会逐步得以解决。Case research on major accidents can, not only provide the most direct and powerful theoretical and technological supports for prevention of and response to major accidents, but also act as an important way at present to advance the theories and technologies of emergency management and safety science. In the light of the features of major accidents and the practical demands of major accident prevention, case research on major accidents should be conducted from the perspective of safety management combined with emergency management to take into account the whole evolution process of the origin, emergence, expansion and management of major accidents with interdisciplinary theories and methods from management science, safety science and other engineering disciplines. A complete process of major accident case research and application of its results is essentially an epistemological cycle from practice to theory and then from theory back to practice. To accomplish the full process, special attention should be paid to defining case boundary, selecting proper methods to collect and analyze the data from various sources, dealing with the potential influence from accident investigation, fighting against possible biases, and expressing the research results in rich forms. The current obstacles as for effective case research on major accidents, e.g. lack of cross-case research, lack of key details of the cases, poor integration of the research perspectives and results from different disciplines, can only be gradually solved through case research practice conducted together by researchers from multiple disciplines.

关 键 词：重特大事故 案例研究 安全管理 应急管理 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]