“V+看+S”的两个结构类型与间接疑问标句词“看”  

Two Types of “V + Kan(看) + S” Construction and Kan(看) as a Complementizer for Embedded Interrogatives

作　　者：田源[1] 徐杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院/中国语情与社会发展研究中心,武汉430072 [2]澳门大学中文系

出　　处：《语言研究》2017年第1期1-9,共9页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"类型学视野下的汉语标句词及句法理论问题研究"(14YJC740079);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目

摘　　要："V+看+S"存在两种可能的句法结构:连动式和动宾式。连动式"V+看+S"中,"看"为动词,带一个疑问小句宾语S,与前面的动词短语构成连动结构,"看"一般不能省略;动宾式"V+看+S"中,疑问小句S为前面动词的宾语,"看"是在动词和其疑问宾语小句之间起连接作用的标句词,一般可省略。"看"的能否省略与"V+看+S"的句法结构及"看"的语法化有关。间接疑问标句词"看"由动词"看"语法化发展而来,与英语中功能类似的标句词"if/whether"在所引导的小句是否为疑问形式和能否引导主语小句等方面存在明显差异,这与标句词"看"的来源以及汉语的语言个性密切相关。＂V ＋ Kan（看） ＋ S＂ has two possible syntactic structures： serial verb structure and verb-object （V-O） structure. In serial verb structure, Kan（看） is a verb meaning ＂testing＂ with the following S as its clausal object whereby Kan（看） cannot be deleted. V or VP and Kan（看） with its interrogative clause object constitute a serial verb construction. In V-O structure, the interrogative clause is the object of a preceding verb, and Kan（看） is the complementizer which can be deleted without affecting the essential structure and meaning. When there is an NP object of verb occurring in the same sentence, ＂V ＋ Kan（看） ＋ S＂ is a double object construction with the S as an indirect object of verb. Whether Kan（看） can be deleted depends on its grammaticalization of Kan（看） and the syntactic nature of ＂V ＋ Kan（看） ＋ S＂ construction. Complementizer Kan（看） which has resulted from the grammatiealization of verb Kan（看） is on a par with ＂if/whether＂ in English, but they nevertheless differ in types of clause they may introduce and in whether the clause which they introduced can be placed in a subject position. These similarities and differences can be explained.

关 键 词：“V+看+S” 句法结构 “看” 标句词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]