中国自由贸易试验区法治建构论  

On the Rules of Law Construction in China's Pilot Free-Trade Zones

作　　者：陈利强[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学法学院,浙江省法学会自由贸易园(港)区法治研究中心

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2017年第1期3-14,共12页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：2014年度国家社科基金重点项目"中美经贸关系中的国有企业问题研究"(14AGJ012);2014年教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"上海自贸区金融消费纠纷多元解决机制的构建"(14YJC820035);2015年教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"自由贸易园(港)区国际航运法律制度研究及对浙江的借鉴"(15YJC820066);2016年度浙江省法学会重点项目"浙江舟山自贸试验区改革创新与法治保障研究"(2016NA14);2016年度浙江省法学会重点项目"自贸区行政监管与法律完善"(2016NA20)

摘　　要：法治建构是中国自贸试验区改革创新的决定性因素。当下中国自贸试验区法治建构模式本质上属于"自主推动型法治建构模式"。"市人大常委会授权立法→市政府‘1+X’规则群→市人大常委会条例三步走"的法治创新路径成为可复制和可推广的法治创新经验的"上海模式"的最重要内容,同时成为3年以来上海自贸试验区改革创新探索的最大亮点。中国自贸试验区法治创新路径及法治建构的"应然模式"是"国家层面统一立法的基本法模式",而"实然模式"是"国家授权、部委规章、地方立法三层次联动推进模式"。"实然模式"的最大成效是主要解决了"凡属重大改革都要于法有据"这一政治课题,但该模式存在三方面缺陷(无法适应深层次改革创新任务、不具有可持续性、价值取向模糊),在实践中遭遇了"四化难题"(行政化、地方化、碎片化、空洞化),对制度创新的促进作用不够显著,无法实现可持续发展。因此,亟需探寻一条介于"应然模式"与"实然模式"之间的中间路径,并努力构建一种对中国自贸试验区改革创新具有实质性法治保障意义的"过渡性模式"。建议采用"特别授权法模式",即由全国人大常委会制定"中华人民共和国自由贸易园(港)区特别授权法"。The law construction is the decisive factor of China＇s Pilot Free- Trade Zones reform and innovation.Currently,the essenceof law construction in China＇ s Pilot Free- Trade Zones is ＂autonomous legal construction mode＂.The three-step path for rule of law innovation （＂the Municipal People＇s Congress Standing Committee authorized legislation, the Municipal Govemment＇ I＋X＇ rules, and the Municipal People＇s Congress Standing Committee regulations＂） constitutes the most important part of the ＂Shanghai model＂,which can be copied and extended,also becomes the biggest highlightof Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zonere- form and innovation.China＇s ＂ideal model＂ for the path of law innovation and legal construction is the ＂basic mode of unified legislation at the national level＂, but the ＂real model＂is the three-level linkage mode of ＂state authorization, ministries regulations,local legislation＂.The mosteffective side of the ＂real model＂ is that itprovidesthe solution to the political task of ＂major reforms required to act on the basis of law＂,but there are three defects in this model（unable to adapt to deeper reform and innovation tasks;not sustainable; and vaguevalue orientation. This model encountered＂four problems＂（administrative,localized,fragmented and hol- low）in practice,so its promotion effect on innovation is not significant and unable to achieve sustainable development.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the middle path between the ＂ideal model＂ and ＂real model＂, and build a kind of ＂transitional model＂, which can significantly safeguard China＇s Pilot Free-Trade Zones reform and innovation from the perspective of rule of law.This paper recommends ＂special authorization model＂, which means the National People＇s Congress Standing Committee legislates ＂the People＇s Republic of China Free-Trade Zones （Ports） Special Authorization Act＂.

关 键 词：中国自贸试验区 法治建构 法治创新路径 “特别授权法” 

分 类 号：F741.2[经济管理—国际贸易]