池塘河蟹生态养殖对水环境的影响  

Effect of pond eco-culture of river crabs on water environment

作　　者：吴凯[1,2,3] 马旭洲[1,2,3] 王友成 王武[1,2,3] 郎月林 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]上海鱼跃水产专业合作社,上海201611

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2016年第6期69-74,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市中华绒螫蟹产业技术体系(D8003-10-0208);国家星火计划项目(2011GA680001);欧盟FP7亚欧水产平台(245020);水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心资助项目(ZF1206)

摘　　要：为了探究上海松江泖港地区河蟹生态养殖模式对水环境的影响,于2014年5—10月对河蟹生态养殖池塘和水源水进行了监测。结果显示:水源区和蟹塘区主要超标水质指标为TN和TP,水源区的最大超标幅度为232.7%和78.5%,蟹塘区为20.4%和129.5%,总体上水源区的超标幅度高于蟹塘区,水源区有富营养化特征和轻微的有机污染。蟹塘区的DO、NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N和NO_3^--N均达标且优于水源区,pH、COD_(Mn)和PO_4^(3+)-P虽有超标,但超标幅度较小;蟹塘区每天有大量的外源性氮、磷投入,但是氮、磷的变化幅度较小,表明水草对氮、磷的吸收较充分。总之,河蟹生态养殖池塘的水质要明显优于水源区,基本上达到地表水环境质量标准中的三级标准和渔业水质标准的要求。上海松江泖港地区河蟹生态养殖不会对外界水环境产生不良影响。In order to evaluate the water environment as influenced by pond eco-cuhure of river crabs in Maogang area of Songjiang District, both pond and source waters were monitored in May--October of 2014. The results showed that the main excessive water quality indicators in both water source and pond areas were total nitrogen （TN）and total phosphorus （TP）, and the maximum excessive rates were respectively 232.7% and 78.5% in the water source area and 20.4% and 129.5% in the pond areas;In general,the excessive rate of the water source area was higher than that of the pond areas, and the water source area had characteristics of eutrophication and slight organic pollution. The DO, NH4^＋ -N, NO2^--N and NO3^- -N of the pond areas all reached the standards and were better than those of the water source area though the pH, CODM, and PO4^3＋ -P somewhat exceeded the set standards. Every day a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus was inputted into the pond areas,but the nitrogen and phosphorus variations were small, indicating that the absorption for nitrogen and phosphorus by aquatic plants was relatively full. From the above results it could be concluded that the water quality in the pond areas was evidently better than that in the water source area and basically reached the thirdgrade standard of surface water quality and the requirement for fishery water quality, and the pond eco-eulture of river crabs had not a bad effect on the outside water environment in Maogang area of Songjiang District.

关 键 词：河蟹 生态养殖 池塘 水质 水环境 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]