水旱共作体系中生物耕作对菜田土壤矿化菌数量及矿化强度的影响  

Effects of biological tillage on mineralization bacteria and strength of garden soil in furrow aquaculture

作　　者：郑宪清[1,2] 张翰林[1,2] 李双喜[1,2] 宋科[1,2] 张娟琴[1,2] 陈新兵 吕卫光[1,2] 陶晓斌 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所 [2]农业部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,上海201403 [3]上海市上海农场,上海224151 [4]上海瀛千生态农业有限公司,上海202158

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2016年第6期75-81,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市农委青年人才成长计划[沪农青字(2015)第1-23号];上海市农委重点攻关项目[沪农科攻字(2011)第6-2号];上海市科委科技攻关项目(14391901502);上海市科委成果转化项目(133919N1400)

摘　　要：针对传统蔬菜种植中高复种指数、强机械扰动和大量施肥导致土壤功能微生物菌群数量下降、功能降低和土传病害频发等问题,在水旱共作的立体生态种养模式下,长期定位试验田中添加蚯蚓,探索生物耕作对菜田土壤氨化和硝化菌数量及强度的影响。3年的试验结果表明:同一耕作层内氨化细菌数量随生物耕作时间延长呈现先增加后降低的趋势,最高值达2 332.1万个/g干土;硝化细菌数量随耕作时间延长呈上升趋势,与无蚯蚓的免耕处理相比,增加7.89—12.73倍,最高值达3.872万个/g干土;硝化作用强度在生物耕作的第二年达到最高值99.99%;5—20 cm耕作层硝化菌数量和强度均高于0—5 cm土层;在0—5 cm土层主要是土壤全氮和速效钾起主导作用,影响因子综合解释率达80.2%—99.5%;5—20 cm土层全氮、pH和速效磷共同影响硝化强度,影响因子综合解释率达93.8%—96.9%;生物耕作深度和耕作时间对氨化菌和硝化菌数量均有显著的交互影响。In order to deal with problems of high-cropping-index conventional vegetable planting such as soil functional microbe quantity decreasing, their function declining and soil-borne disease frequently occurring caused by strong mechanical disturbance and mass fertilizer application, a long-term location experiment was carried out, in which earthworms were added into test plots with furrow aquaculture, so as to investigate the effects of biological tillage on ammonifiers and nitrifiers of vegetable soil. The 3-year experimental results showed that in the same plow layer the ammonifiers firstly increased and then decreased, and the maximum number was 23. 321 million per gram dry soil;The nitrifiers presented a rising trend with time and the maximum number reached 38 720 per gram dry soil, increasing by 7.89--12.73 times over that under the treatment of non-tillage without earthworm ;The nitrifying capacity reached the highest value of 99.99% in the second year of biological tillage; The nitrifier quantity and nitrifying capacity in 5--20 em soil layer were greater than those in 0--5 cm soil layer;In 0--5 cm soil layer the total nitrogen and readily available potassium played a leading role and their comprehensive influencing factor interpretation rate reached 80.2%--99.5% ;In 5--20 cm soil layer the total nitrogen, pH and readily available phosphorus jointly influenced the nitrifying capacity and their comprehensive influencing factor interpretation rate reached 93.8%--96.9% ; Both biological tillage depth and time had a significant interaction on both ammonifier and nitrifier quantities.

关 键 词：菜园土壤 土壤微生物 矿化作用 生物耕作 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]