植物物料及其生物炭对酸性土壤的改良  

The Improvement of Plant Materials and Their Biochars on Acidic Soil

作　　者：吴敏[1] 韦家少[1] 孙海东[1] 何鹏[1] 吴炳孙[1] 高乐[1] WU Min WEI Jiashao SUN Haidong HE Peng WU Bingsun GAO Le(Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Daazhou, Hainan 571737, China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2016年第12期2276-2282,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省应用技术研发与示范推广专项(No.ZDXM2015054);中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630022013006)

摘　　要：采用室内培养方法结合相关分析和逐步回归分析等方法研究了分别添加15 g/kg、45 g/kg和75 g/kg的椰壳、蔗渣和椰炭、蔗炭对酸性橡胶园土壤的改良效果。结果表明:同对照相比,添加植物物料及其生物炭均显著提高或提高了土壤pH、土壤有机质和速效钾含量,且随着添加量的提升而升高;添加椰壳和蔗渣均显著降低或降低了土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量;添加椰炭15 g/kg、45 g/kg和蔗炭15 g/kg均显著提升了土壤碱解氮含量,而其余椰炭和蔗炭处理降低了土壤碱解氮含量,但除15 g/kg椰炭和15 g/kg蔗炭处理外,其余椰炭和蔗炭处理均提升了土壤速效磷含量,且随着添加量的提升而升高。逐步回归分析表明,主要是植物物料及其生物炭带入土壤中的钠、碳、钙、镁等影响了土壤pH和速效钾、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量,且带入土壤中的钠、碳、镁越多,土壤pH、速效钾、有机质和速效磷含量越高,而钙与土壤碱解氮之间则呈反向变化。此外,利用回归分析方程,通过对生物炭得率及带入土壤中相关养分的总量计算可知,椰壳制作为生物炭对土壤pH、速效钾、碱解氮提升效果更好;蔗渣直接施用对土壤pH和速效钾的提升效果更好;椰壳和蔗渣均直接施用更有利于土壤有机质的提升。因此,生产中需根据土壤改良目的确定植物物料的施用方法和施用量。The improvement effects of coconut shell（CS）, cane trash（CT）, biochars of coconut shell（CSC） and cane trash（CTC） in the additive amounts of 15, 45 and 75 g/kg were studied by means of indoor culture experiments,correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The results indicated the soil pH, contents of organic matter（ OM） and rapidly available potassium（ AK） were significantly improved or simply improved, as the additive amounts ascended, compared with the contrast which was not added with plant materials or their biochars. Adding CS and CT significantly decreased or simply decreasedthe contents of soil Alkali-hydrolyzable Nitrogen（ AN） and rapidly available phosphorus（ AP）. Adding CSC of 15, 45 g/kg and CTC of 15 g/kg significantly increased the contents of soil AN being dereased in other treatments of adding biochar. Except treatments of CSC and CTC of15 g/kg, other treatments of CST and CTC increased the content of soil AP as the additive amounts ascended.Stepwise regression analysis indicated the sodium（Na）, carbon（C）, calcium（Ca）, Magnesium（Mg） which were taken in soil by plant materials and their biochars affected the contents of soil pH, AK, OM, AN and AP,moreover, More Na, C and Mg were taken in, soil pH, contents of AK, OM and AP were higher, but a reverse change were happened between Ca in plant materials/their biochars and content of soil AN. Additionaly, by calculating gross of every kind of soil nutrient which was taken by plant materials and their biochars, judging by Regression equation, we known the CSC had the better promoting effects of soil pH, AN and AK than CS, but CT which direct application rather than made as CTC had better promoting effects on soil pH and AK, both of CS and CT had better promoting effects on soil OM. So application methods and amounts of CS and CT should be decided by aims of soil amelioration in production practice.

关 键 词：热带 农业废弃物 土壤PH 有机质 碱解氮 速效磷 速效钾 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]