不同砧木嫁接对苦瓜幼苗抗冷性的影响  

Effects of Different Stock Grafting on Chilling Tolerance of Bitter Gourd Seedlings

作　　者：杜卓涛[1,2] 朱白婢 赖彩余 商桑[2] 田丽波[2] 邹凯茜 朱国鹏[2] 林师森[2] DU Zhuotao ZHU Baibi LAI Caiyu SHANG Sang TIAN Libo ZOU Kaixi ZHU Guopeng LIN Shisen(Vegetable Research Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources （Hainan University）, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口571100 [2]海南大学园艺园林学院/热带作物种质资源保护与开发利用教育部重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2016年第12期2306-2311,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室开放课题(No.SCKF201502);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31460517);国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(No.2014BAD05B04);海南大学中西部计划学科建设项目(No.ZXBJH-XK008)

摘　　要：为了提高苦瓜抗冷性,筛选出抗冷性好的苦瓜嫁接砧木,探讨不同砧木嫁接对苦瓜抗冷性的影响,以翠柳2号苦瓜为接穗,以丝瓜、南瓜等5个品种为嫁接砧木,以翠柳二号苦瓜自根苗和自嫁苗为对照,在昼/夜8℃下进行低温胁迫。结果表明,低温胁迫下,嫁接苗的地上部分和地下部分生长指标、生长速率、根系活力均高于自根苗、自嫁苗,其中中原共荣、苦砧2号、根无敌等南瓜砧木的嫁接苗表现较好,且均显著高于对照;嫁接苗的冷害指数、细胞膜渗透率均低于对照,其中中原共荣、苦砧2号、根无敌嫁接苗的冷害指数显著低于对照。这说明嫁接能明显提高苦瓜幼苗的耐冷性,减少低温胁迫对苦瓜幼苗生长的影响。研究认为,5个砧木品种的嫁接苗的生长势和抗冷性均优于自根苗、自嫁苗,其中中原共荣、苦砧2号、根无敌3个砧木品种综合表现较优异,在生产上可以作为苦瓜耐低温砧木。In order to improve the cold resistance of bitter melon, and screen the rootstock with good cold resistance, towel gourd and Pumpkin, a total of five varieties, were used as the grafting stocks in this experiment.Bitter melon, Cuiliu No.2, was employed as the scion variety, using scion-root seedling and self-grafted Cuiliu No.2as the control, under the day/night 8 ℃ low-temperature stress to study the effect of cold resistance of the grafted on different rootstocks. The results showed that grafted seedlings on the ground and underground part growth, root activity, and growth rate were higher than the control under low temperature stress. Especially Zhongyuan Gongrong, Bitter Rootstock No.2, and Root Invincible of pumpkin rootstock grafted seedlings performed well, and were significantly higher than the control; Chilling injury index of the grafted seedlings was lower than the control,which of Zhongyuan Gongrong, Bitter Rootstock No.2, and Root Invincible grafting seedlings was significantly lower than that of the control. This showed that grafting could significantly improve the chilling tolerance of bitter gourd seedlings, and reduce the effect of low temperature stress. It indicated that the growth vigor and cold resistance of the five varieties of rootstock grafted seedlings were superior to the control, the comprehensive features of Zhongyuan Gongrong, Bitter Rootstock No.2 and Root Invincible were excellent to be taken as the cold resistant rootstocks on bitter melon on production.

关 键 词：苦瓜 嫁接 低温胁迫 抗冷性 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]