中国国际人口迁移的空间格局及影响因素  

Spatial Patternsand Impact Factors of China's International Migration

作　　者：陈红艳[1] 喻忠磊[1] 张华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《人口与发展》2016年第6期12-24,共13页Population and Development

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"流动人口对区域发展的影响评估及决策支持集成平台示范应用"(2012BAI32B07)

摘　　要：国际人口迁移是人口地理学研究的核心内容之一,而空间格局又是国际迁移研究的重要方面。基于联合国人口司公布的国际移民数据,利用国际移民规模存量与比重、集中化指数以及有效迁移率等指标探讨中国国际人口迁移的空间格局、变化趋势及影响因素。中国在长期作为全球主要国际移民迁出国的同时,也逐渐成为重要的国际迁移目的地国;中国国际移民的来源国和目的地国均呈现出集中分布的特征,其中目的地国主要集中于北美、欧洲、澳洲以及东亚国家,而来源国则主要集中于亚洲、南美和北美的部分国家;1990-2013年间,中国国际输出移民目的地国分布呈现集中化的趋势,而移民来源国分布则表现出分散化的特征;就有效迁移率而言,中国相对于巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、巴西、越南、秘鲁、菲律宾、印度而言,属于移民净流入国家,但相对其他大部分国家则是移民净流出国;此外,国家间经济发展差距、迁移距离、移民网络、经济全球化均对中国国际移民格局有重要影响。International population migration is one of the key topics of migration studies. This paper attempts to examine the changing spatial patterns of China's Mainland＇ s international population migration, with the data published by the United Nations Population Division （UNPD）. International migration stock and share, centralization index and valid migration rate etc. are the main indices used in this article. The results show that as one of the global leading migrants＇ source countries, China is becoming a global migrants＇ destination country. Besides, the source and destination countries of China＇ s international migrants are showing a trend of geographical concentration. The destination countries are mainly consisted of European and North American countries, Australian states and East Asian neighbors, and the key source countries include Asian neighbors, countries of South and northAmerican countries. During 1990 - 2013, China＇ s international emigrants＇destinations have showed a trend of centralization, while the immigrants＇sources have appeared in the feature ofdecentralization. Furthermore, compared with Brazil, Vietnam ete, , China is the country with net migration inflows, but over most other countriesChina is the country with net migration outflows. In addition,the study shows that the economic development gap between countries, migration distance, migrant network, economic globalization all have important influence on the patterns of China＇ s international migration.

关 键 词：国际移民 空间格局 洛伦兹曲线 集中化指数 有效迁移 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]