2005-2015年西安市麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of Measles in Xi'an city,2005-2015

作　　者：杨杨[1,2] 李洪波[2,3] 刘继锋[1,2] 吴瑞[1,2] 侯铁军[1] 马超锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054 [2]西安交通大学医学部,陕西西安710061 [3]西安市卫生和计划生育委员会,陕西西安710007

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第1期13-16,28,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：西安市科技计划项目;编号"2016053SF/YX09(2)"

摘　　要：目的分析西安市2005-2015年麻疹流行特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2005-2015年西安市麻疹发病资料进行分析,应用SPSS 22.0进行数据分析。结果 2005-2015年西安市共报告麻疹病例2 423例,年均发病率为2.72/10万,发病率整体呈下降趋势(趋势=4 268.84,P<0.001),但近三年来麻疹发病率呈上升趋势;各年份发病均有一定的季节性且高峰主要集中在3~7月;中心城区(3.59/10万)、城乡结合区(3.28/10万)的年均发病率均明显高于郊县(1.51/10万);<1岁组的年均发病率最高(80.51/10万),其病例构成由2006年的21.57%上升至2015年的58.73%;≥15岁组的年均发病率最低(1.01/10万),其病例构成由2009年的27.59%上升至2014年的70.00%;病例以散居儿童最多(49.86%);其次为学生(15.52%)。结论近年西安市麻疹发病率呈上升趋势,1岁以下儿童是防控的重点人群,消除麻疹仍面临巨大挑战。应加强适龄儿童的查漏补种工作,并对城区的重点人群开展强化免疫工作,不断提高MCV接种率。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xi＇an from 2005 to 2015, and to provide scientific evidence for measles control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used for analyzing the incidence data of measles in Xi＇an from 2005 to 2015. SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. Results 2 423 measles cases were reported in Xi＇an and the average annual incidence was 2.72/100 000 from 2005 to 2015. It showed the incidence had a trend of decline X2 = 4268.84,P 〈 0. 001 ） , but during the latest three years the incidence was on the rise. Seasonal variations were found every year and the incidence peak was mainly from March to July. The annual average incidences of the central urban area （3.59/100 000） and the fringe areas （3.28/100 000） were higher than those of rural areas （1.51/100 000）. The age group of the top average annual incidence was under one - year - old （ 80.51/100 000） ,whose proportion rose from 21.57% in 2006 to 58. 73% in 2015. The age group of the lowest average annual incidence was 〉- 15 years old （ 1. 01/100 000） , whose proportion rose from 27.59% in 2009 to 70.00% in 2014. Scattered children （49.86%） and students （ 15.52% ） had a high proportion of measles. Conclusion It shows the measles incidence in Xi＇ an has a trend of rising in recent years. Children under one - year - old are the focus of prevention and control of measles. It is still a big challenge for measles elimination. To improve the vaccination rate of measles - containing vaccine, the leak finding work should he strengthened and supplemental immunization activities against measles should cover the urban areas for the weak people.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 西安 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]