包头农牧业区土壤中有机氯农药的污染特征及健康风险评估  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in surface soil from the major farming and animal husbandry districts in Baotou

作　　者：孟佩俊[1] 李淑荣[1] 和彦苓[1] 张艾华[1] 张丽萍[1] 靳敏[1] 梁青青[1] 张凌燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古包头014060

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第1期32-36,56,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY14261);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2014MS0890)

摘　　要：目的了解包头农牧业区土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染特征及其对当地人群的健康影响。方法利用气相色谱法(GC-ECD)对包头农牧业区106份表层土壤样品中21种OCPs残留进行了检测,对其残留状况、组成和分布特征进行了分析,采用RBCA(risk-based corrective action)评估模型进行了健康风险评估。结果包头农牧业区表层土壤中总的OCPs残留量范围为0.27~112.79ng/g,平均值为30.3ng/g。六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)是构成土壤OCPs污染的主要成分,HCHs残留量为0.39~24.12 ng/g,平均值为8.37 ng/g;DDTs残留量为0.27~31.24 ng/g,平均值分别为9.51 ng/g,两者均符合我国现行土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618-1995)一级指标。与国内其他地区土壤OCPs污染相比,研究区域表层土壤中OCPs污染处于中等偏低水平。不同植被类型土壤中,总的OCPs、HCHs和DDTs残留量最高的土壤类型均为蔬菜地、西瓜地和大豆地。农牧业区土壤中21种OCPs的综合致癌风险值为5.82×10-8;综合非致癌危害商为6.52×10-5,均在可接受范围内。结论包头农牧业区土壤中OCPs污染程度较低,对当地人群不构成健康威胁。Objective To know the pollution characteristics and health effects on local residents of OCPs in the soil from the major farming and animal husbandry districts in Baotou. Methods 21 kinds of organochlorine pesticides（OCPs）in totally 106 surface soil samples from the study regions were determined by GC - ECD, and their residues level, composition and distribution characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore,the health risk assessment of OCPs in the soil was done by RBCA model. Results The results showed that the range of total OCPs residues in soil was 0.27-112.79ng/g with a mean of 30.3ng/g. HCHs and DDTs were the main components of OCPs pollution. The range of total HCHs residues in soil was 0.39 - 24.12ng/g with a mean of 8.37ng/g,and which of DDTs was 0.27 - 31.24ng/g with a mean of 9.51ng/g. Both of them conformed to the first class indicator of the environmental quality standard for soils （ GB 15618 - 1995） in China. Compared with other regions in our country ,the residues of OCPs in the surface soil of relocation regions were at medium -low level. For soil in different vegetation types,the residues of total OCPs, HCHs and DDTs in surface soil from the vegetable land, the watermelon patch and the soybean field were the highest. The health risk assessment suggested that the total carcinogenic risk value and non - carcinogenic hazard quotient of 21 kinds of OCPs in surface soil from the study regions were respectively 5.82×10^-8 and 6.52×10^-5 ,which were in a state of low danger. Conclusion The pollution level of OCPs in the soil from the major farming and animal husbandry districts in Baotou is low and does not pose a health threat to the local population.

关 键 词：土壤 有机氯农药 污染特征 风险评估 农牧业区 包头 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]