基于RS和GIS的北京市顺义区生态网络构建与优化  

Development and optimization of ecological network of Shunyi District of Beijing based on RS and GIS

作　　者：卿凤婷 彭羽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2016年第6期1074-1081,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家民委科研项目(12ZYZ001);高等学校学科创新引智计划(111项目;B08044);中央民族大学一流大学一流学科建设项目(YLDX01013)资助~~

摘　　要：生态网络的构建能够减轻因城市化速度加快导致景观破碎化带来的危害,对城市生物多样性的保护具有十分重要的意义.基于景观生态学和保护生物学相关原理,以顺义区为例,在GIS和RS技术的支撑下,采用最小费用模型来定量表征模拟潜在廊道,叠加绿地、水系、道路网络,构建自然-经济相耦合的复合生态网络,并据此有针对性地提出复合生态网络的优化对策和建议.结果表明:(1)研究区的东部适宜生物的栖息与迁移,其中汉石桥湿地与唐指山生态区位尤为重要;(2)随着生物迁移的廊道宽度增加,研究区生态廊道结构中的生态因素不断下降,建造难度加大;(3)通过将3种网络叠加,发现研究区存在着阻碍物种迁移的待修复的重要生态裂点.研究结果可为研究区生态网络构建和优化提供理论和技术支撑,同时可为其他城市区域生态网络构建提供参考.The accelerating rate of urbanization in China has resulted in shrinkage and isolation of large habitat patches. The increase of landscape fragmentation puts biodiversity in severe threat. Ecological network, as an effective method to reduce patches fragmentation, has vital implications for urban biodiversity protection. Based on the theory and principles of landscape ecology and conservation biology, this research took Shunyi District of Beijing, China as an example to simulate potential ecological corridors using the least cost path method with the help of GIS and RS. Then Gravity model was utilized to evaluate the strength of interaction between habitat patches. Since Beijing is the center of social-economic development, we built a social-economic network to form an ecological network which includes green space, water area and economy. In the end, we also put forward suggestions about optimizing the ecological network. The research found that the east part of the study area was suitable for perching and migration. Hanshiqiao Wetland and Tangzhi Mountain were vital to biodiversity protection. Ecological factors kept falling with the increase of the width of potential ecological corridor, leading to greater difficulty in construction of ecological corridors. By means of overlaying three networks we found some ecological knick points to be repaired. The results of this research provide a theoretical and technical support for constructing and optimizing ecological networks in the studied area, and at the same time supply a reference for urban planning of other places.

关 键 词：生态网络 重力模型 最小耗费路径 景观阻力 裂点 社会经济网络 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]