动胶菌属系统分类、生理特征及其在活性污泥中的作用  

Physiological characteristics and systematic classification of the Zoogloea species and their role in the activated sludge

作　　者：安卫星[1,2] 高娜[1,2] 夏明[1,2] 戴景程[1] 余佃贞 邱东茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2016年第6期1167-1174,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(Y15103-1-401)和科普项目(KP2015A09)资助~~

摘　　要：微生物菌群一直是活性污泥研究过程中的关键问题,近年来通过分子生物学等研究手段已经发现动胶菌是活性污泥微生物菌群中的优势细菌.本文以活性污泥微生物菌群为出发点,重点梳理了动胶菌属分类学研究历史和现状,并建议在前期命名过程中出现的垂(悬)丝状动胶菌和生枝动胶菌ATCC 19623株及ATCC 25935株不应再作为动胶菌属细菌对待.同时介绍了动胶菌属细菌的基本特性及其在活性污泥法处理废水中降解有机物、除磷脱氮和吸附重金属离子等方面的应用,以及动胶菌胞外多聚物的组成和动胶菌优良菌株的选育.我们及合作者最近分析了两个喜树脂动胶菌的基因组并鉴定出参与菌胶团形成的一个大型基因簇,也实现了基因定点敲除等遗传操作.今后研究应重点关注动胶菌分子遗传学、功能基因组学及胞外多聚物生物合成和菌胶团形成机理、化学结构和性质.Microbes are the key issue in the study of activated sludge （AS） process. The genomic and metagenomic analyses of AS have greatly improved our understanding of activated sludge microbes, demonstrating the predominance of Zoogloea species in the AS microbial communities. In this paper we summarized the taxonomy history and systematic classification of Zoogloea genus, and strongly recommended that the taxa including Z. filipendula Berger, Z. ramigera ATCC 19623 and Z. ramigera ATCC 25935 should be discarded because they are either taxonomically invalid or no longer regarded as members of Zoogloea genus. Furthermore, we also introduced based on available data the characteristics of Zoogloea species, their role in activated sludge process, the chemical structure and properties of extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） and the genetic breeding and screening for desirable strains. Recently two draft genomes of Z. resiniphila had been analyzed and a large extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster had been found to be required for floc formation. We put forward that more attention should be paid to molecular genetics and functional genomics of Zoogloea and related floc-forming bacteria, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of EPS and floc formation, as well as the chemical structures and properties of various EPS.

关 键 词：活性污泥法 菌胶团 动胶菌 系统分类 废水处理 胞外多聚物 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172