重点生态功能区水土流失敏感性评价与分布研究——以贵州省雷山县为例  

Sensitivity Evaluation and the Spatial Distribution of Soil Erosion in Key Ecological Function Areas:A Case of Leishan City of Guizhou

作　　者：孙小涛[1,2] 周忠发[1,2] 陈全[1,3] 陈继军 张珊珊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵阳550001 [3]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550001 [4]贵州省雷公山国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州雷山557100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第6期73-78,133,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"喀斯特石漠化地区生态资产与区域贫困耦合机制研究"(41661088);国家自然科学基金青年项目"喀斯特峰丛洼地地貌形态耦合模式及机制研究"(41301504);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目"人为干预下喀斯特山地石漠化的演变机制与调控"(2012CB723202);贵州省重大应用基础研究项目"喀斯特石漠化生态修复及生态经济系统优化调控研究-岩土类型格局"(黔科合JZ字[2014]200201);贵州省科技计划项目"基于北斗卫星的山地高效农业产业园区智能管理系统开发与应用"(黔科合GY字〔2015〕3001)

摘　　要：为了定量分析重点生态功能区雷山县水土流失敏感性现状,揭示其空间分布特征,识别出水土流失敏感性关键地域,也为县域水土流失综合防治和生态环境治理提供理论依据,研究选取2010年10月覆盖雷山县全域的ALOS遥感影像和1∶50 000地形图等为数据源,通过地理空间信息技术（RS和GIS技术）结合使用,运用3D Analyst栅格计算功能,提取雷山县DEM、坡度、坡向和土地利用等主要因子,运用ENVI软件,结合归一化植被指数模型,获取植被覆盖度,运用ArcMap空间叠加分析方法,划分出水土流失敏感性等级,得到研究区水土流失敏感性空间分布情况。结果表明,雷山县轻度及以上水土流失敏感性区域面积812.29km2,占总面积的67.45%,水土流失敏感性以轻度为主;强烈以上等级占总面积5.96%,所占面积小;同时研究区不同高程、坡向、坡度和植被覆盖度等级与水土流失敏感性之间存在显著关系,即轻度以上的水土流失敏感性区域面积出现先增大后减小的单峰分布;水土流失敏感性区域主要出现在高程为800-1 400m范围内,坡向为东南和西北,坡度为15°-35°,植被覆盖度在30%-45%的区域。In order to quantitatively analyze and reveal the present spatial distribution of soil erosion sensitivity,identify key areas for the loss of water and soil in Leishan county which belongs to the key ecological function area,and provide theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss and ecological environment,this study selected the ALOS remote sensing images in Oct 2010,and 1：50 000 topographic map which covers the whole Leishan county as the data source.Through using the geospatial information technology（RS and GIS）combined with 3Danalyst grid calculation function,Leishan County’s DEM,slope gradient,slope aspect,land use and other main factors were extracted.By using ENVI software,combined with the normalized difference vegetation index model,the vegetation coverage was extracted.The spatial overlay analysis in ArcMap was used to divide water and soil erosion sensitivity level,quantitatively analyze its sensitivity in present situation,and reveal its spatial distribution.The results showed that：the slightly and highly sensitive area of soil erosion was 812.29km2,accounting for 67.45% of total area in Leishan country,andthe sensitivity of soil erosion was mainly slight in most areas of the county.The highly sensitive area of soil erosion was small,accounting for 5.96% of the total area.At the same time,there was a significant relationship between different elevation,slope aspect,slope gradient,vegetation coverage level and the sensitivity of soil erosion in the study area.The slightly and highly sensitive soil erosion area appeared single peak distribution which increased at first then decreased.The sensitive soil erosion area occurred mainly in the altitude range of 800 to 1 400 m,with the southeast and the northwest slope and the slope degree of 15to35,and the vegetation coverage level in 30%to 45%.

关 键 词：重点生态功能区 水土流失敏感性 地理空间信息技术 空间分布 雷山县 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]