滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖与施肥对夏玉米水肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Straw Mulching and Fertilization on Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：张婉晴[1] 王秀茹[1] 周杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第6期139-146,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201401001)

摘　　要：为探索秸秆覆盖与滴灌施肥结合栽培模式下夏玉米水肥利用效率和增产效果,于2014—2015年在北京市大兴区进行无施肥覆盖(T1)、无施肥不覆盖(T2)、中肥覆盖(T3)、中肥不覆盖(T4)、高肥覆盖(T5)和高肥不覆盖(T6)6种试验。结果表明:表层土壤温度和气温具有高度线性相关关系,秸秆覆盖可降低夏玉米生长季土壤温度的增温速率,T1、T3和T5较T2、T4和T6处理的土壤增温速率分别降低23.62%,13.65%和11.47%,全生育期秸秆覆盖较不覆盖日均土壤温度平均降低1.75℃;滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖影响0—60cm土层的水分分布变化,对0—20cm土层土壤含水率保水效果明显,2014年秸秆覆盖较不覆盖土壤含水率平均提高11.73%,2015年平均提高9.56%;秸秆覆盖下E/ET较不覆盖平均减少6.99%,生育期内抽雄—灌浆阶段夏玉米耗水强度最高;2年试验T3获得籽粒产量最高,较T2提高27.62%,较T6提高15.83%,同时水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力表现最优,分别为23.73kg/(hm2·mm)和40.33kg/kg。本研究表明滴灌条件下中肥覆盖对表层土壤具有降低增温速率的效应,起到增产的同时对提高水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的作用较优。Research on effects of fertilization with mulching on water and nitrogen use efficiency in the field and maize yield is of great significance to increasing crop yield.For better understanding the effects of drip fertigation with straw mulching on water and nitrogen use efficiency under heat conditions in the field and summer maize yield in semi-humid regions,field experiments were carried out in Daxing district of Beijing city,China,during the growing seasons of summer maize in 2014 and 2015.In the experiments,six treatments,including no fertilization with straw mulching（T1）,no fertilization without straw mulching（T2）,middle fertilization with straw mulching（T3）,middle fertilization without straw mulching（T4）,high fertilization with straw mulching（T5）,and high fertilization without straw mulching（T6）were tested.The results showed that surface soil temperature and air temperature had a high linear correlation,and straw mulching could reduce soil warming rate during the growing season of summer maize.Compared with that in T2,T4 and T6,soil warming rate in T1,T3 and T5decreased by 23.62%,13.65% and 11.47%,respectively.During the whole growing season,average daily soil temperature in treatments with straw mulching was 1.75℃lower than that in treatments without straw mulching.Under drip irrigation,straw mulching could affect the distribution of soil moisture in the 0—60cm soil layer,especially for soil moisture content of the 0—20cm soil layer.In 2014,average soil water content was increased by 11.73%,and the average increase was9.56%in 2015.In treatments with straw mulching,E/ET was decreased by 6.99% on average when compared with treatments without straw mulching,and water consumption of summer maize was the highest from the heading to grain-filling stage.The results indicated that T3 had the highest grain yield,being 27.62%higher compared with that of T2,and 15.83% higher than that of T6,T3 also showed optimal water use efficiencyand fertilizer partial productivity,which was 23.73kg/�

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 滴灌施肥 土壤水分 土壤温度 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S318