白龙江流域泥石流沟土体渗透特性及其受植被影响  

Soil infiltration characteristics and impact of vegetation of debris-flow valleys in Bailong River Basin

作　　者：赵岩[1,2] 崔志杰[1,2] 熊木齐[1,2] 庆丰[1,2] 郭鹏[1,2] 孟兴民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]甘肃省环境地质与灾害防治工程研究中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期728-734,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAK12B06);国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFE23030);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(lzujbky-2015-k10)

摘　　要：选取白龙江流域典型泥石流沟不同类型土体进行野外原位渗透试验,结合土壤性质及植被因素对土体的入渗特征进行比较分析,认为人类活动使得土体的内部结构和渗透特性发生了极大变化,改变了土体在降雨过程中强度的变化规律以及地表径流过程、加剧了流域泥石流的形成.结果表明:土体的有机质和黏粒质量分数与土体的入渗率有较好的负相关关系;林地对改善土体性质有较好的作用,大大提高了土体涵水能力,且随着海拔升高作用更明显;干枚岩斜坡和黄土斜坡的入渗特征有明显的差异性,在降雨过程中千枚岩斜坡几乎不会产生明显的地表径流,而是在降雨达到一定程度后土体强度破坏而以浅层滑坡形式向下滑动,黄土斜坡则很快产生地表径流,以坡面泥流的形式为主沟泥石流的形成提供黏粒和水体.Different types of soil from typical debris-flow valleys were chosen to conduct filed in-situ permeability tests in the Bailong River Basin in combination with soil properties and vegetation factors, a comparative analysis was made of the characteristics of soil infiltration, thus proving that human activity have made great changes in the internal structure.of soil and penetration characteristics, and changed the rule of soil mass intensity and surface runoff in the process of rainfall, which exacerbated the formation of debris flow. The results showed that there had been a clear negative correlation between the infiltration rate and contents of organic matter and clay in soil. Woodlands performed good effects in improving the soil properties, vegetation increased the content of the organic matter and water in soil, also improved the ca p^ity of water retaining, the effect was more obvious with the increasing of the elevation. There had been clear differences between the loess slopes and the phyllite slopes. In the process of rainfall, the phyllite slopes underwent hardly any obvious surface runoff, but slide-down occurred as types of shallow landslides when the rainfall reached some degree. However, the loess slopes would quickly produce surface runoff, and provided the clay and water for the formation of debris-flow in the shape of slope debris-flow.

关 键 词：渗透试验 泥石流 入渗率 土壤性质 植被 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]