苹果一年生枝春、秋季养分变化分析  

Analysis on the one-year-old branches nutrients variation of apple tree in spring and autumn

作　　者：徐超然[1] 夏垚 彭怡琳[1] 渠慎春[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第1期54-59,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(13)3006;CX(15)1022]

摘　　要：[目的]通过研究苹果一年生枝春、秋季养分回流状况,分析其养分贮藏与再分配的规律,为苹果春、秋季管理尤其是施肥方案的制定提供理论依据。[方法]以‘富士’和‘金帅’苹果一年生枝为试材,于春、秋季对枝条中有机碳以及矿质营养元素含量随时间及温度的变化进行测定,并分析不同元素变化间的相关性。[结果]秋季‘富士’和‘金帅’苹果一年生枝养分从9月上中旬开始迅速回流,随着时间推移,N、K含量均显著降低,Mg、Zn含量呈小幅下降趋势,碳氮比增大。春季两品种一年生枝从3月初开始至4月上旬活动旺盛,其中K、Mg含量以及‘金帅’枝条中的P含量显著下降,Cu、Ni含量及‘富士’枝条中P含量小幅下降。2个苹果品种养分变化趋势基本相同。各元素含量变化尤其是在春季具有显著的相关性,其中K、P、Cu与其他多种元素表现为显著相关关系。[结论]‘富士’和‘金帅’苹果一年生枝中养分在秋季发生迅速回流,春季时秋季回流的养分则重新分配,因生长发育而显著减少,2个品种苹果一年生枝春、秋季养分变化规律相近,且多种元素含量的变化具有显著相关性。[ Objectives] The study was done on the one-year-old branches of apple trees nutrients backflow condition in spring and autumn, analyzing the law of its nutrient storage and redistribution, to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of apple trees management solution especially fertilization scheme in spring and autumn. [ Methods] In this study, ＇ Fuji＇ and＇ Golden Delicious＇ apple trees one-year-old branches were used as test materials. We measured the organic carbon and many kinds of mineral elements contents variation of spring and autumn branches along with the change of time, and analyzed the correlation between different elements changes. [ Results]The one-year-old branches＇ nutrients began to rapidly baekflow in early or middle September. And the results showed that N and K contents in the autumn branches obviously reduced, Mg and Zn contents slightly declined, and C/N increased. The period of germination began at early March, and the fastigium was at early April. K, Mg and P levels of spring branches in the＇ Golden Delicious＇ dropped significantly. Cu ,Ni and P contents in branches of＇ Fuji＇ fell slightly. There were similar nutrient variation rules between the two varieties in spring and autumn. Most of the elements content variation had significant correla- tion especially in spring, and among them, K, P and Cu significantly related to a variety of elements. [ Conclusions ] One-year-old branches＇ nutrients of＇ Fuji＇ and＇ Golden Delicious＇ apple trees began to rapidly backflow in autumn. The nutrient that baekflowed in autumn reallocated, and they reduced obviously in spring because they were used to grow. The one-year-old branches＇ nutrient of two varieties changed in similar condition. The changes of most elements content had significant correlation.

关 键 词：苹果 一年生枝 养分回流 碳氮比 相关性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]