低温适应型植物根际促生细菌的筛选及促生效应研究  

Screening of low temperature adapted plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and investigation of their promoting effects

作　　者：王伟[1] 岳政府 刘孝文[1] 张瑞福[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第1期93-100,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2013AA102802);中国博士后科学基金项目(2014M560430)

摘　　要：[目的]优良菌种是微生物肥料的基础,低温适应型菌株对于研制在低温条件下应用的微生物肥料具有重要意义,本研究基于菌株的低温适应性筛选植物根际促生菌。[方法]利用稀释涂布的分菌方法从土壤样品中分离出快速生长的根际促生菌,并筛选在低温条件下生长良好的菌株,进一步分析所筛菌株的促生特性,通过盆栽试验验证促生效果,并研究微生物肥料对土壤酶活性的影响,探究所筛菌株的促生机制。[结果]初筛所得36株菌株均具有溶磷、产NH3、产吲哚乙酸(IAA)及产嗜铁素等一种或多种促生性能,其中具有产氨能力的14株,占所筛菌株的38.9%;产IAA的20株,占所筛菌株的55.6%;产铁载体的12株,占所筛菌株的33.3%;具有溶解有机磷能力的15株,占所筛菌株的41.7%。通过低温生长验证,8株菌可以在低温(15℃)下生长,均具有产NH3和产IAA的促生特性,菌株D4的IAA产量最大,达到162 mg·L^(-1)。结合盆栽促生试验结果,最终选择D4和R1两株芽孢杆菌制作生物有机肥在冬季大棚的低温条件下进行肥效试验。结果表明生物有机肥对青菜的株高、根长和鲜质量的影响均高于普通有机肥和化肥。土壤酶活性测定结果表明,生物有机肥与化肥混施处理使土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加。基于16S rRNA基因进行序列同源性分析,菌株D4为巨大芽孢杆菌,菌株R1为短小芽孢杆菌。[结论]所筛选得到的低温适应型根际促生菌和研制的生物肥料,具有在寒冷地区农业生产中应用的潜力。[ Objectives ] Excellent microbial strains are the basis of microbial fertilizer and temperature adaptive strains are of great significance for the development of biofertilizer used in agricultural production of cold areas. This study focused on the screening of low temperature adaptive plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. [ Methods ] The rapid growth strains were isolated from plates spread with diluted solution of soil samples, and the obtained isolates were further tested for their growth at low temperature and plant growth promoting characters. [ Results ] All the 36 strains isolated from the first round screening had one or more of the following abilities： phosphate solubilization, production of NH3, IAA and siderophores. 14 strains were capable of producing ammonia, accounting for 38.9% ;20 strains can produce IAA,accounting for 55.6%;12 strains can produce siderophores, accounting for 33.3%;15 strains were capable of dissolving organic phosphorus, accounting for 41.7% ;among them, 8 strains were confirmed to grow fast at low temperature, and they all can produce NH3 and IAA,and strain D4 had the highest level of IAA production,reaching 162 mg.L-~. With their plant growth promoting effects in pot experiments taken into account, strain D4 and R1 were selected for bioorganic fertilizer preparation and field evaluation. Plot experimental in winter greenhouse with low temperature showed that both D4 and R1 based bioorganic fertilizers promoted the plant height, root length and fresh weight of green vegetables compared with chemical and organic fertilizers. Soil enzyme activity results showed that the combined application of bioorganic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer increased soil urease, invertase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly. Strain D4 and R1 were phylogenetically identified as Bacillus megatherium and Bacillus pumilus respectively,through 16S rRNA sequencing. [ Conclusions ] The low temperature adaptive plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR） strains and their bioo

关 键 词：低温适应型根际促生菌 微生物肥料 促生特性 促生效应 盆栽试验 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学]