关于《民法总则(草案)》成年监护制度三个基本问题  

Three Basic Questions Concerning the Adult Guardianship in the General Principles of Civil Law( Draft)

作　　者：满洪杰[1] MAN Hongjie(Law School, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《法学论坛》2017年第1期38-44,共7页Legal Forum

基　　金：教育部国家人权教育与培训基地重大项目"人格权的人权之维:作为宪法和民法权利的双重解释"(16JJD820027);2015年山东大学人文社科青年团队项目"民法典人格权立法研究"(IFYT15021)中期成果

摘　　要：民法总则草案二审稿中规定的成年监护制度有创新,也有问题。民法总则混淆了成年监护补足行为能力与对意思能力欠缺者保护的功能,在体系安排的逻辑上有不足。建议打破现有体系的束缚,借鉴荷兰民法典等的体制创新而规定人法。在法定监护人的选任上,草案仍以亲属关系为基础确定监护人的范围和次序,而忽视了被监护人的意愿和利益最大化。同时,应当规定自然人担任监护人的优先性,以及监护人的利益冲突机制。对被监护人的行为能力,应当支持、补充而非剥夺,草案第21条、第22条对被监护人行为能力的剥夺和限制,与第34条规定的尊重被监护人意愿和利益最大化的原则相冲突,应当予以调整。While the adult guardianship system promulgated by the drafting General Principles of Civil Law has many innovations, there are still some unsolved questions. There is confusion and logical difficulty of the function of adult guardianship for the reinforcement of legal capacity, and the protection of the ward. It is suggested that the new law should have a part of ＂human law＂ as that of the Dutch Civil Code, instead of following the traditional way of current system. In the selection of legal guardian, the draft regulates the range and selecting order of legal guardian based on kinship, ignoring the willing and best interests of the ward. Nat- ural person shall have priority in the selection of guardian, and the conflict of interest shall be taken into account. The law should have a supportive and supplementary attitude towards the ward＇ s legal capacity without any prejudice. Article 21 and 21 depriving the legal capacity of the ward, are in conflict with the principles of respecting of the ward＇ s will and protecting of the wards best interests, which are stated by Article 34.

关 键 词：民法总则草案 成年监护 行为能力 监护人 

分 类 号：D913.1[政治法律—民商法学]