洱海流域入湖河口湿地沉积物氮、磷、有机质分布及污染风险评价  

Distribution and pollution risk assessment of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in inlet rivers of Erhai Basin

作　　者：王书锦[1] 刘云根[1,2] 张超[3] 侯磊[1,2] 王妍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学农村污水处理研究所,昆明650224 [3]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2017年第1期69-77,共9页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51469030;31560237;31460195)资助

摘　　要：以云南洱海罗时江河口湿地为典型对象,利用柱状底泥分层采样器采集罗时江河口湿地表层(0~10 cm)沉积物样品,研究分析总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机质(OM)的空间分布特征,并对沉积物进行污染风险评价.结果表明:表层沉积物TP含量在0.04~1.28 g/kg之间,空间分布特征为:Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区,水道Ⅰ>水道Ⅱ;TN含量在0.33~2.96 g/kg之间,空间分布特征为:Ⅰ区>Ⅱ区,水道Ⅰ>水道Ⅱ,OM含量在32.43~233.03 g/kg之间,空间分布表现为Ⅰ区<Ⅱ区,水道Ⅰ<水道Ⅱ.结合综合污染指数与有机指数评价法可知,罗时江河口湿地表层沉积物氮、磷污染:Ⅰ区和水道Ⅰ属于中度污染,Ⅱ区和水道Ⅱ属于轻度污染;有机污染:水道Ⅰ和水道Ⅱ属于重度污染,Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区属于中度污染.罗时江河口湿地表层沉积物空间分布受外源污染物、养殖活动和湿地水生植物的影响,氮、磷外源输入以水道Ⅰ为主,有机质输入以水道Ⅱ为主.The estuarine wetland of Luoshi River, which flowed into Lake Erhai in Yunnan Plateau, is used to be studied as a typical research object. Sediment samples in the estuarine wetland of Luoshi River were collected by the cylindrical sediment sampler and taken from the surface layer （0-10 cm）. The spatial distributions of the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total organic matter were analyzed, and did the pollution risk assessment of sediments. The results showed that： The contents of total phosphorus （TP） in the surface sediments ranged from 0.04 to 1.28 g/kg, and the TP spatial distribution characteristics were lower in area Ⅰ than area Ⅱ, but higher in channel Ⅰ than channel Ⅱ. The content of total nitrogen （TN） in the surface sediments ranged from 0.33 to 2.96 g/kg, and the TN spatial distribution characteristics were higher in area Ⅰ than area Ⅱ, and higher in channel Ⅰthan channel Ⅱ. The content of OM in the surface sediments ranged from 32.43 to 233.03 g/kg, and the OM spatial distribution characteristics were lower in area Ⅰ than area Ⅱ , and lower in channel Ⅰ than channel Ⅱ. Combined evaluation methods with the comprehensive pollution index and organic index to analyze the pollution of the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the surface sediments at the estuarine wetland of Luoshi River, results show that the pollution in area Ⅰ and channel Ⅰ was medium level, and the pollution in area Ⅱand channel Ⅱ was mild level. The pollution of organic contaminants in channel Ⅰ and channel Ⅱwas heavy level, and the area Ⅰ and area Ⅱ was medium level. The spatial distribution of surface sediment at the estuarine wetland of Luoshi River was influenced by the external pollutant, the culture activity and the aquatic plant. Pollution in channel Ⅰ was mainly sourced by input of nitrogen and phosphorus, and pollution in channel Ⅱwas mainly dominated by organic matter.

关 键 词：洱海流域 罗时江河口湿地 高原河口湿地 沉积物 氮 磷 有机质 空间分布 风险评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4