铝合金/钢异种材料熔钎焊接工艺及其研究现状  

State-of-art of Brazing-fusion Welding Processes of Dissimilar Metals between Aluminum Alloy and Steel

作　　者：秦国梁[1] 武传松[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学现代焊接技术研究所,济南250061

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2016年第24期24-35,共12页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50905099)

摘　　要：铝合金/钢复合结构以具有重量轻、综合性能高等优势在汽车、航空航天、石油石化、电力、船舶等行业具有广泛的应用前景。但二者之间巨大的理化性能差异,使铝合金/钢板异种金属的焊接仍然存在诸多问题。熔钎焊接工艺是基于母材之间存在的熔点差异,通过精确控制焊接热输入,在确保高熔点母材不熔化的前提下,让低熔点母材和填充金属熔化形成熔焊接头,并与未熔化的高熔点母材形成钎焊连接接头,是适合铝合金/钢复合结构优质高效制备的合适焊接工艺。通过对国内外对铝合金/钢熔钎焊接工艺、接头组织性能调控等方面研究现状的综合评述,讨论了铝合金/钢熔钎焊接技术存在的问题,并对铝合金/钢熔钎焊接技术工程化应用所采取的措施进行阐述。Because of many advantages such as light weight,superior comprehensive property and so on,the Al alloy/steel composite structure has abroad application prospect in industries such as automotive,aerospace,petroleum and petrochemical,energy and shipbuilding and so on. But the great differences of physical and chemical properties between Al alloy and steel make that there are some serious problems in joining Al alloy to steel. Brazing-fusion welding can be realized based on the difference of melting point between the dissimilar metals. In welding process,by precisely controlling heat input,both the metal with lower melting point and filler metal melt and form the fusion welded joint,while the metal with higher melting point does not melt and forms the brazed joint with the molten base metal and filler metal. This welding methods can bring out the potentials of properties for every metals and is very suitable for high efficient and high strength joining of Al alloy to steel. The state-of-art of brazing-fusion welding of Al alloy to steel were summarized from welding processes,the control of joint microstructure and properties and basic theory and so on. The problems in joining Al alloy to steel are discussed,and the measures to promote the engineering applications of Al/steel joining technology are proposed. The overview can help to understand and develop brazing- fusion welding processes of Al alloy to steel,and promote its application in engineering.

关 键 词：异种材料连接 铝合金/钢 熔钎焊接 接头性能 研究现状 

分 类 号：TG457[金属学及工艺—焊接]