两种生物炭对植烟土壤生物学特性的影响  

Effects of two biochars on biological characteristics of tobacco growing soil

作　　者：叶协锋[1] 于晓娜[1] 李志鹏[1] 周涵君 张晓帆[1] 宋显锋 付仲毅 凌天孝 郑好[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司郏县分公司,河南郏县467100

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2016年第6期78-84,共7页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室资助项目"植烟土壤肥力培育及提高肥料利用率技术研究"(中烟办[2014]334号);河南省烟草公司资助项目"秸秆生物质炭对土壤-烤烟养分高效协同利用机制研究"(HYKJ201301)

摘　　要：目的:研究花生壳生物炭和烟秆生物炭对植烟土壤生物学特性的影响。方法:选用品种为中烟100,在河南郏县开展大田试验。试验设四个处理,分别为:CK不施肥、T1为常规施肥、T2为花生壳生物炭+常规施肥、T3为烟秆生物炭+常规施肥,生物炭的用量均为6000kg/hm^2。结果表明:施用生物炭增加了植烟土壤细菌数量,尤其是在移栽后45d～75d,细菌数量提高幅度较大;施用生物炭增加了土壤真菌数量,烟秆生物炭在烟株生长前期作用明显,而花生壳生物炭在烟株生长后期作用明显;施用烟秆生物炭有增加放线菌数量的趋势,而花生壳生物炭对放线菌数量影响不明显。施用花生壳生物炭增加了植烟土壤微生物生物量碳含量,而烟秆生物炭降低了烟株生长后期的微生物生物量碳含量;施用烟秆生物炭增加了微生物生物量氮含量。施用生物炭增加了前期微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮的比值,降低了后期微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮的比值。施用生物炭增加了植烟土壤全碳和全氮含量,以花生壳生物炭效果明显。结论:施用花生壳生物炭和烟秆生物炭对植烟土壤的生物学特性有较好的改良作用。[Objective] This paper was to study the effect of peanut-shell-biochar and tobacco-stalk-biochar on biological characteristics of tobacco growing soil. [Methods] Field experiment was carried out in Jiaxian county of Henan province. Four treatments were tested, namely, CK ： no fertilizer, T1 ：conventional fertilizer, T2 ：peanut-shell-biochar ＋ T1, and T3 ： tobacco-stalk-biochar ＋ T1. The quantity of biochar was 6000 kg/hm^2. [Results] Biochar increased quantity of soil bacteria and fungi 45 d to 75 d after transplanting. Tobacco-stalk- biochar had obvious effect in former growth stage, and peanut-shell-biochar had obvious effect in later growth stage. Tobacco-stalk-biochar revealed a tendency to increase quantity of actinomycetes, but peanut-shell-biochar application had little influence on actinomycetes quantity. Application of peanut-shell-biochar could increase content of soil microbial biomass carbon （MBC） while tobacco-stalk-biochar application could decrease content of MBC in later growth stage. Tobacco-stalk-biochar application could increase content of microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） in soil. Application of biochar could increase the ratio of MBC/MBN in former growth stage and decrease the ratio of MBC/MBN in later growth stage. Application of biochar could increase soil total carbon and total nitrogen content and peanut- shell-biochar application had better effect. [Conclusion] Peanut-shell-biochar and tobacco-stalk-biochar application had better effect in improving biological characteristics of tobacco growing soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 植烟土壤 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]