基于数值模拟的2015年11月东北极端重污染过程成因的定量评估  

Evaluation and formation mechanism of a severe air pollution in Northeast China in November 2015

作　　者：杨婷[1] 晏平仲[1] 王自发[1] 李健军[2] 张稳定[1] 姚雪峰[1] 王威[2] 朱莉莉[2] 吴煌坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国环境监测总站环境质量预报预警中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2017年第1期44-51,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41305115);国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2014CB447900);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(No.XDB05030204);环保公益性行业科研专项(No.201309011,201409001,201509014);国家高技术研究发展计划(No.2014AA06AA06A512)~~

摘　　要：2015年11月中上旬,我国东北地区经历了一系列连续重污染过程,其污染程度之高、影响范围之广、持续时间之长历史罕见.本文综合利用空气质量监测资料、遥感卫星资料、数值模式等方法手段探究了此次连续重污染事件的成因,并运用敏感性分析方法首次定量评估了各污染原因对PM_(2.5)浓度的贡献比重.结果表明,受阻塞高压控制、中低层强逆温、地面高湿度低风速等不利扩散条件可使PM_(2.5)浓度在污染过程中升高30%~50%;采暖季污染排放显著增强可使PM_(2.5)浓度整体升高100~200μg·m^(-3),重污染过程中对局部地区贡献达50%~70%;污染传输通道上游捕捉到的秸秆焚烧也可使局部地区PM_(2.5)浓度增加75~100μg·m^(-3),对PM_(2.5)浓度的平均贡献率为10%~20%.研究表明,不利扩散条件、采暖季污染源的加强排放及冬季的秸秆焚烧是引发此次高浓度PM_(2.5)的三大原因.本研究可为我国东北地区大气污染问题治理提供有益参考,也可帮助民众认知污染成因.In November 2015,Northeast China（ NEC） has experienced a series of severe air pollution episodes with intense pollution level,large coverage and long durations. In this paper,air quality monitoring,remote sensing satellite data,numerical model and sensitivity method were employed to investigate the sources and formation mechanism of the severe air pollution episodes. The results indicated that NEC was controlled by high-pressure pattern with strong inversion in the lower atmosphere and smaller near-surface wind speed and high relative humidity（ 〉 80%）. The above extreme adverse diffusion conditions increased PM2.5concentration by 30% 50% based on the evaluation of numerical model. In addition,coal combustion in heating season significantly increased the overall PM2.5by 100 200 μg·m-3,and contributed to 50% 70% of PM2.5concentrations in some areas. Meanwhile,biomass burning in the northeast-southwest transport pathway increased the PM2.5concentration by 75 100 μg·m-3,and contributed 10% 20% of PM2.5concentrations. The results indicated that stagnant meteorological conditions,coal combustion and biomass burning are three main factors for the formation and evolution of high PM2.5concentration. The results can provide in-depth information for air quality improvement in NEC and help public realize the formation and evolution of haze.

关 键 词：空气重污染 采暖季排放 秸秆焚烧 定量评估 NAQPMS模式 东北地区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]