医务人员血源性职业暴露的风险及防控分析  

Risk factors and the prevention for hematogenous occupational exposure in medical staff

作　　者：谈宜斌[1] 孙代艳[1] 宋世会[1] 田佳[1] 金学兰[1] 李源[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中南医院医院感染管理办公室,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2017年第1期221-223,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的分析血源性职业暴露医务人员高危因素,制定防控措施,减少职业暴露风险。方法监测医院2009年1月-2014年12月264名血源性职业暴露工作人员,对其年龄、性别、职业、暴露场所、方式、环节、暴露源、局部处理及随访结果进行统计分析。结果血源性职业暴露主要发生在21~30岁(63.64%)、多发生于女性(79.17%)、以护士(43.56%)为主、学生(37.88%)有上升趋势;外科病房(38.64%)、内科病房(26.14%)、急救中心(11.74%)是高危场所;锐器伤(92.42%)是高危方式;拔针(41.67%)、注射刺伤(16.67%)、手术缝合(12.50%)是高危环节;乙型肝炎(40.53%)是高危暴露源;挤血(79.17%)是暴露后局部处理主要遗漏措施。结论针对职业暴露高危因素,加强医院工作人员职业暴露防护教育培训,提高职业安全意识,正确实施标准预防,规范操作规程,是切实有效降低职业暴露风险的重要环节。OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors to blood-borne occupational exposure in medical staffs , so as to formulate the prevention measures to reduce risk of occupational exposure. METHODS A total of 264 staffs with hematogenous occupational exposure from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2014 in our hospital were monitored retrospectively. Their age, sex, occupation, exposed places, methods, links, sources of exposure, local treatment and follow-up results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Hematogenous occupational exposure mainly occurs in 21-30 years 01d（63.64%）, most happen to females（79. 17%）, nurses（43. 56%） are the most with an upward trend of students（3？. 88%）. Surgical ward （38. 64%）, medical ward （26.14%）, emergency Center （11.74%） were high- risk sites. Sharps injuries （92. 42%） was high-risk method, needle injection （41. 67%）, injection stabbed （16.67%） ,surgieal sutures （12.50%） were hlgh-risk sectors. Hepatitis B （40.53%） was at high risk of expo- sure source. Squeeze blood （79.17%） was the major omission local treatment after exposure. CONCLUSION Aimed at high-rlsk factors of occupational exposure, strengthening the training of occupational exposure protec- tion, raising awareness of occupational safety, as well as carrying out standardprecautions and procedures are four parts of great concerns to effectively reduce the risk of occupational exposure.

关 键 词：医务人员 血源性职业暴露 风险防控 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]