汉语定中结构中“的”的句法语义功能——兼谈词和词组的界限  

The syntactic and semantic function of de in Chinese attributive nominal structures: On the boundary between phrases and words

作　　者：陆烁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第1期53-62,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"名词短语句法-语义互动模型研究"(14CYY048);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目;"名词本体研究和名词组的语义结构模型"(13YJC740063)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：汉语定中结构中"的"的隐现一直难以解释和预测。本文从"的"字可有可无的定中结构入手,厘清带"的"定中结构和不带"的"定中结构之间的语义差别,继而分析"的"的句法语义功能。句法上,"的"的隐现区分了"词汇性修饰"(lexical modification)和"短语性修饰"(phrasal modification),并分别得到词和词组两种不同语法成分;语义上,"的"的隐现则区分了"内涵性组合(intensional composition)"和"交集性组合(intersective composition)",并分别得到类名和集合两种不同的语义解读。本文的分析可以统一解释"的"的使用规律,有助于改进对定语的分类,同时也进一步厘清了定中结构是词还是词组的问题。The binary choice of presence and absence of de divides Chinese attributive nominal structures into two parts semantically and syntactically: nominals without de( XN for short)refer to a kind name or a proper name and those with de inserted denote a set with members sharing the same properties. These two types of modification structures involve two semantic composition modes, namely the intensional composition rule for the former and an intersective rule for the latter. There is a paralleled dichotomy on de s syntactic function. De marks phrases from lexical nouns, namely, XdeN undergoes phrasal modification and the modification in XN takes place at the lexical level. Such an analysis not only strengthens the motivation for keeping two distinct composition ways( two types of modifiers accordingly) both available for modification, but also helps explore the boundary between phrases and words.

关 键 词：定中结构 “的”字名词短语 语义类型理论 类指 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]