某钢铁企业职业卫生分级管理方法的应用及探讨  

Application of and discussion on occupational health classification management in an iron and steel enterprise

作　　者：赵亮亮[1] 李媛[2] 于政民 龚伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心职业病预防控制科,江苏南京210028 [2]江苏省血液中心,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2017年第1期89-93,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：江苏省医学领军人才项目(编号:LJ201130);江苏省卫生国际交流支撑计划(编号:JSH-2012-008)

摘　　要：[目的]对某大型钢铁企业主要生产岗位进行职业危害岗位分级,为企业职业卫生分级管理提供科学有效的依据。[方法]收集汇总2012—2014年某大型钢铁企业的职业病危害因素定期监测结果,首先依据国家职业病危害作业分级标准将各生产岗位分为5级作业,然后简化为职业病危害程度为一般、较重、严重等3级岗位,并进一步提出岗位分级管理措施,探讨职业卫生分级管理的应用。[结果]该企业职业病危害因素包括生产性粉尘(电焊烟尘、煤尘、矽尘、石灰石粉尘及其他粉尘)、生产性毒物(一氧化碳、硫酸、盐酸、溶剂汽油、苯、氰化氢、氰化物、氨、硫化氢、砷、铬和焦炉逸散物等)和有害物理因素(噪声、高温、X射线、γ射线等)。职业病危害因素作业分级结果显示,噪声和高温是该钢铁企业的主要职业病危害因素。职业危害岗位分级结果显示,一般、较重和严重职业危害岗位共669个、271个和288个,分别占总数的54.5%、22.1%和23.4%。[结论]简化后的职业危害岗位分级方法操作性强,可为企业的职业卫生分级管理提供有效依据。[Objective] To classify major productive jobs in an iron and steel enterprise according to occupational hazards and to provide scientific evidence for occupational health classification management. [Methods] Based on the surveillance results of occupational hazards during 2012-2014, we firstly classified the productive jobs into five levels by the national classification standard of occupational hazards, then merged into three categories including minor, moderate, and severe levels of occupational hazards, and proposed management measures towards job classification. [Results] The occupational hazards in the selected enterprise included industrial dust（weld fume, coal dust, silica dust, lime stone dust, and others）, industrial toxicants（carbon monoxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, gasoline, benzene, hydrogen cyanide, cyanide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, arsenic, chromium, and coke oven emissions）, and harmful physical factors（noise, high temperature, X ray, and γ ray）. Noise and high temperature were the main occupational hazards according to the classification of occupational hazards at workplaces. There were 669（54.5%）, 271（22.1%）, and 288（23.4%） jobs merged into minor, moderate, and severe occupational hazard classes, respectively.[Conclusion] The simplified job classification is more practical than the previous one, and it can provide effective evidence for occupational health classification management.

关 键 词：钢铁行业 职业病危害 分级管理 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]