贵州省喀斯特阔叶林降雨截留分配特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Rainfall Interception by Broad Leaved Forest in Typical Karst Area of Guizhou Province

作　　者：周秋文[1] 马龙生[1] 颜红[1] 蔡明勇[2] 戴丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]环境保护部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第6期321-325,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金项目"基于稀疏样点的喀斯特复杂地形区土壤水分空间估算方法研究"(黔科合J字[2015]2118号);贵州省科技合作计划项目(黔科合LH字[2015]7776号);贵州师范大学博士科研启动基金项目

摘　　要：[目的]对贵州省喀斯特阔叶林降雨截留分配特征进行研究,为喀斯特地区水土保持和森林生态功能分析提供参考。[方法]以贵州喀斯特阔叶林的降雨分配特征为研究对象,利用2015年9月至2016年3月间野外实测的25场降水数据对森林林冠层、灌木层的降雨截留分配特征进行研究。[结果]观测期内降雨以小雨和中雨为主,降雨总量为208.25mm;树干流总量为21.83mm,占降雨总量的10.48%,变化范围为0~14.3%;林间穿透雨总量为186.89mm,占降雨总量的89.7%。灌木层截留总量为34.86mm,占降雨总量的16.74%;林冠截留的总量为22.58mm,占同期降雨的10.84%。当林外降雨量大于1.15mm时,研究区内开始产生树干流,且树干流与林外降雨量呈线性正相关关系;灌木截留量随着降雨量的增大而增大,但林冠层截留率与降雨量之间没有明显的相关关系。[结论]喀斯特阔叶林对降雨具有较强的截留和再分配作用,对区域水量平衡和水土保持具有重要影响。[Objective] Rainfall distribution characteristics of broad leaved forest in typical karst area were studied for considering contribution to soil and water conservation and forest ecological function analyze in karst area.[Methods] The rainfall distribution characteristics of broad leaved forest in Guizhou karst area were studied using the method of in situ observation. During the observation period, there were 25 rainfall recorded, and most of them were light or moderate rain.[Results] During the observation period, the total rainfall was 208.25 mm, the total amount of stem flow was 21.83 mm, which accounted for 10.48% of the total rainfall, and the variation range was 0~14.3%. Penetrating rain was 186.89 mm, which accounted for 89.7% of the total rainfall. The total amount of shrub layer interception was 34.86 mm, accounted for 16.74% of total rainfall. Canopy interception amount was 22.58 mm, which accounted for 10.84% of rainfall. When the rainfall was more than 1.15 mm in the study area, the stem flow occured and showed well positive linear correlation with rainfall. The shrub interception amount increased with the rainfall, but there was no significant linear correlation between the canopy interception rates and rainfall.[Conclusion] In general, broad leaved forest in karst area has a strong interception and redistribution effects on the rainfall, which can effectively influence the regional water balance and soil erosion.

关 键 词：森林降雨 截留 阔叶林 喀斯特 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]